Corporate Governance <strong>Report</strong>Operation of the BoardThe Board is responsible for setting our strategy <strong>and</strong> policies,oversight of risk <strong>and</strong> corporate governance, <strong>and</strong> also monitorsprogress towards meeting our objectives <strong>and</strong> annual plans. The Boarddischarges these responsibilities through a programme of meetingsthat includes regular reviews of financial performance <strong>and</strong> criticalbusiness issues, <strong>and</strong> the formal annual strategy review day. TheBoard also aims to ensure that a good dialogue with our shareholderstakes place <strong>and</strong> that their issues <strong>and</strong> concerns are understood<strong>and</strong> considered.The Board held seven meetings <strong>and</strong> its annual strategy review dayin <strong>20</strong>11. With the exception of two Board meetings in September <strong>and</strong>the strategy day in the same month, which were held at our site inWilmington in the US, all the meetings took place in London, UK.The Board is currently scheduled to meet six times <strong>and</strong> hold a strategyreview day in <strong>20</strong>12, <strong>and</strong> will meet at such other times as may berequired to conduct business.As part of the business of each Board meeting, the CEO typicallysubmits a progress report on each key business area, giving detailsof progress against the goals the Board has approved. To ensurethat the Board has good visibility of the key operating decisions ofthe business, members of the SET routinely attend Board meetingson a rotational basis <strong>and</strong> Board members regularly meet othersenior executives throughout the year. The Board also receivesaccounting <strong>and</strong> other management information about our resources,<strong>and</strong> presentations from internal <strong>and</strong> external speakers on legal,governance <strong>and</strong> regulatory developments. At the end of Boardmeetings, the Non-Executive Directors meet without the ExecutiveDirectors present to review <strong>and</strong> discuss any matters that have arisenduring the meeting <strong>and</strong>/or such other matters as may appear to theNon-Executive Directors to be relevant in properly discharging theirduty to act independently.Board effectivenessComposition of the Board, succession planning <strong>and</strong> diversityThe Nomination <strong>and</strong> Governance Committee <strong>and</strong>, where appropriate,the full Board regularly review the composition of the Board <strong>and</strong> thestatus of succession to both senior executive management <strong>and</strong>Board-level positions. Directors have regular contact with, <strong>and</strong> accessto, succession c<strong>and</strong>idates for senior executive management positions.The Board aims to maintain a balance in terms of the range ofexperience <strong>and</strong> skills of individual Board members, which includesrelevant international business, pharmaceutical industry <strong>and</strong> financialexperience, as well as appropriate scientific <strong>and</strong> regulatory knowledge.The biographies of Board members set out from pages 100 to101 give more information about current Directors in this respect.The Board views gender, nationality <strong>and</strong> cultural diversity amongBoard members as important considerations when reviewing thecomposition of the Board. The Board recognises, in particular, theimportance of the debate about gender diversity, prompted by thepublication in the UK in February <strong>20</strong>11 of the report by Lord Davies,‘Women on Boards’. Since the formation of <strong>AstraZeneca</strong> in 1999, theproportion of women Board members has been approximately 25%<strong>and</strong> the Board intends to continue with its current approach todiversity in all its aspects, while at the same time seeking Boardmembers of the highest calibre <strong>and</strong> with the necessary experience<strong>and</strong> skills to meet the needs of the Company <strong>and</strong> its shareholders.<strong>Information</strong> about our approach to diversity in the organisation belowBoard-level can be found in the People section on page 41.The following changes to the composition of the Board have occurredduring the period covered by this <strong>Annual</strong> <strong>Report</strong>:> Shriti Vadera was appointed as a Non-Executive Director <strong>and</strong> amember of the Audit Committee with effect from 1 January <strong>20</strong>11.> Jane Henney, a Non-Executive Director, retired from the Board on28 April <strong>20</strong>11.Independence of the Non-Executive DirectorsDuring <strong>20</strong>11, the Board considered the independence of eachNon-Executive Director for the purposes of the UK CorporateGovernance Code <strong>and</strong> the corporate governance listing st<strong>and</strong>ardsof the NYSE (Listing St<strong>and</strong>ards). With the exception of MarcusWallenberg, the Board considers that all of the Non-ExecutiveDirectors are independent. Louis Schweitzer was considered bythe Board to be independent upon his appointment as Chairman;in accordance with the UK Corporate Governance Code, the testof independence is not appropriate in relation to the Chairman afterhis appointment.Marcus Wallenberg was appointed as a Director of Astra in May1989 <strong>and</strong> subsequently became a Director of the Company in 1999.Until September <strong>20</strong>05, he was a member of the board of directors<strong>and</strong> the Chief Executive Officer of Investor AB, which has a 4.02%interest in the issued share capital of the Company as at 2 February<strong>20</strong>12. Wallenberg family foundations remain Investor AB’s largestshareholders in terms of votes controlled. For these reasons, theBoard does not believe that Marcus Wallenberg can be determinedindependent under the UK Corporate Governance Code. However,the Board believes that he has brought, <strong>and</strong> continues to bring,considerable business experience <strong>and</strong> makes a valuable contributionto the work of the Board. In April <strong>20</strong>10, Marcus Wallenberg wasappointed by the Board as a member of the Science Committee,reflecting his interest in innovation <strong>and</strong> R&D, knowledge of the historyof the Company <strong>and</strong> its scientific heritage <strong>and</strong> culture, <strong>and</strong> his broadexperience of other industries <strong>and</strong> businesses in which innovation <strong>and</strong>R&D are important determinants of success.The Board has also considered, in particular, the position of MicheleHooper who joined the board of UnitedHealth Group as a Non-Executive Director in <strong>20</strong>07. The Board’s approval of this appointmentwas conditional on Michele Hooper resigning from the board ofUnitedHealth Group in the event of a conflict or non-independence.It is the Board’s view that Michele Hooper is independent <strong>and</strong> thatshe discharges her duties in a properly independent manner,constructively <strong>and</strong> appropriately challenging the Executive Directors<strong>and</strong> the Board.Conflicts of interestThe Articles enable the Directors to authorise any situation in whicha Director has an interest that conflicts or has the potential toconflict with the Company’s interests <strong>and</strong> which would otherwise bea breach of the Director’s duty, under section 175 of the CompaniesAct <strong>20</strong>06. The Board has a formal system in place for Directors todeclare such situations to be considered for authorisation by thoseDirectors who have no interest in the matter being considered. Indeciding whether to authorise a situation, the non-conflicted Directorsmust act in the way they consider, in good faith, would be most likelyto promote the success of the Company, <strong>and</strong> they may impose limitsor conditions when giving the authorisation, or subsequently, if theythink this is appropriate. Situations considered by the Board <strong>and</strong>authorisations given are recorded in the Board minutes <strong>and</strong> in aregister of conflicts maintained by the Company Secretary <strong>and</strong>reviewed annually by the Board. The Board considers that thissystem continues to operate effectively.Appointments to the BoardThe Nomination <strong>and</strong> Governance Committee section on page 109gives information about the appointment process for new Directors.Newly appointed Directors are provided with comprehensivedocumentation containing information about the Group <strong>and</strong> theirrole as Non-Executive Directors. They also typically attend tailoredinduction programmes that take account of their individual skills<strong>and</strong> experience.104 Corporate Governance <strong>Report</strong><strong>AstraZeneca</strong> <strong>Annual</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Form</strong> <strong>20</strong>-F <strong>Information</strong> <strong>20</strong>11
Board <strong>and</strong> Board Committee meeting attendance in <strong>20</strong>11Name Board Audit Remuneration Nomination <strong>and</strong> GovernanceDavid Brennan 7 (7)* – – –Bruce Burlington 7 (7) 3 (3) – –Jean-Philippe Courtois 6 (7) 4 (6) – –Jane Henney 1 1 (2) 3 (3) – 1 (1)Michele Hooper 7 (7) 6 (6) – 4 (4)Simon Lowth 7 (7) – – –Rudy Markham 7 (7) 5 (6) 5 (5) –Nancy Rothwell 7 (7) – 5 (5) 3 (3)Louis Schweitzer 7 (7) – 5 (5) 4 (4)Shriti Vadera 7 (7) 6 (6) – –John Varley 7 (7) – 5 (5) 4 (4)Marcus Wallenberg 6 (7) – – –1Jane Henney retired from the Board on 28 April <strong>20</strong>11.* Number in brackets denotes number of meetings during the year which Board members are entitled to attend.Time commitmentOur expectation is that Non-Executive Directors should be preparedto commit about 15 days per annum, as a minimum, to the Group’sbusiness. In practice, Board members’ time commitment usuallyexceeds this minimum expectation when all the work that theyundertake for the Group is considered, particularly in the case of theChairman of the Board <strong>and</strong> the Chairmen of the Board Committees.As well as their work in relation to formal Board <strong>and</strong> Board Committeemeetings, the Non-Executive Directors also commit time throughoutthe year to meetings <strong>and</strong> telephone calls with various levels ofexecutive management, visits to <strong>AstraZeneca</strong>’s sites throughout theworld <strong>and</strong>, for new Non-Executive Directors, induction sessions<strong>and</strong> site visits. The Audit Committee section from page 107 containsinformation about Audit Committee members’ visits to our businessin Brazil, Russia <strong>and</strong> China during <strong>20</strong>11. In addition, Board or BoardCommittee meetings were held at our sites in Wilmington, US,Gaithersburg, US, Mölndal, Sweden, <strong>and</strong> Alderley Park, UK duringthe year.On occasions when a Director is unavoidably absent from a Boardor Board Committee meeting, for example through illness or where ameeting clashes with his or her existing commitments, he or she stillreceives <strong>and</strong> reviews the papers for the meeting <strong>and</strong> typically providesverbal or written input ahead of the meeting, usually through theChairman of the Board or the Chairman of the Board Committee, sothat his or her views are made known <strong>and</strong> considered at the meeting.In addition, given the nature of the business to be conducted, someBoard meetings are convened at short notice, which can make itdifficult for some Directors to attend due to prior commitments.<strong>Information</strong> <strong>and</strong> supportThe Company Secretary is responsible to the Chairman for ensuringthat all Board <strong>and</strong> Board Committee meetings are properly conducted,that the Directors receive appropriate information prior to meetings toenable them to make an effective contribution, <strong>and</strong> that governancerequirements are considered <strong>and</strong> implemented.The Company maintained directors’ <strong>and</strong> officers’ liability insurancecover throughout <strong>20</strong>11. The Directors are also able to obtainindependent legal advice at the expense of the Company, asnecessary, in their capacity as Directors.The Company has entered into a deed of indemnity in favour of eachBoard member since <strong>20</strong>06. These deeds of indemnity are still in force<strong>and</strong> provide that the Company shall indemnify the Directors to thefullest extent permitted by law <strong>and</strong> the Articles, in respect of all lossesarising out of, or in connection with, the execution of their powers,duties <strong>and</strong> responsibilities, as Directors of the Company or any of itssubsidiaries. This is in line with current market practice <strong>and</strong> helps usattract <strong>and</strong> retain high-quality, skilled Directors.Performance evaluationDuring the year, the Board conducted the annual evaluation of itsown performance <strong>and</strong> that of its Committees <strong>and</strong> individual Directors.The review was facilitated by an external consultancy, Lintstock Ltd(Lintstock), a London-based corporate advisory firm that providesobjective <strong>and</strong> independent counsel to leading European companies.For a number of years, Lintstock has supplied software <strong>and</strong> servicesto the Company Secretary’s team for the web-based questionnairesused for internal Board performance evaluations, <strong>and</strong> for themanagement of insider lists. Other than these limited instances,Lintstock is not a supplier to the Company <strong>and</strong> was able to actas a robust <strong>and</strong> independent external facilitator for the Boardperformance evaluation.The <strong>20</strong>11 evaluation involved a series of web-based questionnaires<strong>and</strong> individual meetings between Lintstock <strong>and</strong> each Board member.Lintstock then prepared <strong>and</strong> discussed with the Chairman <strong>and</strong> theCompany Secretary a draft report of their findings. The final reportwas circulated to the full Board <strong>and</strong> discussed at the Board meetingheld in December. The evaluation covered a range of topics, including:the composition of the Board; the effectiveness of its strategicoversight; Board members’ involvement in the affairs of the Companyoutside Board meetings; decision making <strong>and</strong> time management; thenature <strong>and</strong> quality of the information <strong>and</strong> general support provided tothe Board; its approach to risk management <strong>and</strong> oversight of internalcontrols; <strong>and</strong> succession planning <strong>and</strong> how effectively it prioritisesmatters. Separate questionnaires covered the operation <strong>and</strong>effectiveness of the Board’s committees.The review concluded that the Board operates effectively <strong>and</strong> in anopen manner. Board members have a good level of involvement inmatters between Board meetings. The points to be addressed arisingfrom the review include further improvements in the use of the Board’stime in terms of Board meeting arrangements <strong>and</strong> how agenda itemsare scheduled <strong>and</strong> approached; further refinement of the compositionof the Board over time; consideration of a short strategic updateduring the year between the annual strategy days in September; minorimprovements to the information provided to Board members in termsof content <strong>and</strong> format; more involvement by the Science Committeein assurance work on behalf of the Board; <strong>and</strong> continuing theimprovements made in <strong>20</strong>11 to the review by the Board of SET-levelsuccession plans.As part of the assessment process, each Director responded to aquestionnaire about their individual contribution to the work of theBoard <strong>and</strong> personal development needs, following which they hadindividual discussions with the Chairman to follow up their responses.Each Director continues to perform effectively <strong>and</strong> to demonstratecommitment to the role.Corporate Governance<strong>AstraZeneca</strong> <strong>Annual</strong> <strong>Report</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Form</strong> <strong>20</strong>-F <strong>Information</strong> <strong>20</strong>11 Corporate Governance <strong>Report</strong> 105