424_2061_A.B.

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Figure 7 : Realization of the two Kinds of Modality.8.2.1. Modality and Modulation:Modality is defined by Quirk, et al (1985 :219), "as the mannerin which the meaning of a clause is qualified." " The system ofmodality, according to Bell (1991: 139), is an extremelyimportant one, since it gives the communicator the options ofexpressing an opinion about the extent to which the assertion ispossible, probable, certain or frequent. He distinguishesbetween modality and modulation as follows: the former isconcerned with propositions, the latter with proposals; theformer comprises probability, possibility, certainty andfrequency, the latter obligation and inclination.(ibid: 139-140).Halliday (1976:209), too, distinguishes between modality andmodulation but states simultaneously that" they are closelyinterrelated.. .. They are the same system in different functions,where 'functions' refers to components of the linguistic system:the one is interpersonal, the other ideational." Furthermore,"modulation is a condition imposed by someone; and if thatsomeone is the speaker himself then it becomes a kind ofmodality."(ibid). Hence, due to this overlap and what Hallidayaccurately describes as " the complex nature of the relationshipbetween modality and modulation which he considers a kind of'quasi modality' (ibid: 205213) it would suffice here to adoptthe term 'modality as subsuming modulation.
8.3. Exemplification8.3.1. English Modal Auxiliariesa. You may be right. (Possibility: it can also be realizednon-verbally:a.l. It is possible that you are right.a.2. Perhaps /Possibly, you are right.b. Can you call back tomorrow? (Ability: are you able to .. . ?)c. You must be joking. (Necessity: it is necessarily the case thatyou are joking.d. You can /may do as you wish. (permission: you areallowed..)e. You must be back by ten o'clock. (Obligation: you areobliged to be back by ten).-f. I'll write as soon as I can. (Volition! intention: I tend to writeas soon as I can).g. !' 11 do it, if you like, (Volition! willingness: I'm willingto do it.)h. She will/ would keep interrupting me. (Volition! insistence:she insists on interrupting me).i. The guests will / would have arrived by that time. (prediction:they are expected to. . .)Sometimes a modal auxiliary verb expresses more that onemodal concept. The following are some examples borrowed fromQuirk, et. al. (1985: 219-239).j. You may have to play it again. (possibility+obligation).k. She must have been willing to help. (necessity +volition).8.3.2. Arabic Modal Auxiliaries
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Translation Theories, StrategiesAnd
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ContentsPagePreface……………
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4.2.2. Syntactic Modification Strat
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PrefaceIt is perhaps axiomatic to s
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Chapter OnePreliminaries: Definitio
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the target text we distinguish betw
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content. The second type deems the
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features and different accents, qui
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oadcasting station dar al-idaaahere
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On the other hand, monolingual audi
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2.1.The First PeriodThis period sta
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French humanist Etienne Dolet who h
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This contemporary period has witnes
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-representation. These systems requ
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Chapter ThreeTranslation Theories:
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is the ‘first systematic investig
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can be justified on this basis.”
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3..4.1.1. Informative: It is concer
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ehaviournon-intentionalintentional
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3.5 . Sociolinguistic TheoriesThese
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TT into line with a particular mode
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SL AuthorTL ReaderSL Encoder Gramma
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two languages are never identical i
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comes Webster’s definition of ‘
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Ideally, Bell (p. 27) rightly maint
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equivalence in the target language
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to be very tactful and eclectic in
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in which the original text undergoe
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the Arabic emphatic devices such as
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than stock market. Anani has replac
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African countries. She coaches the
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4.2.6. Paraphrasing StrategyContrar
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Part TwoBasic Theoretical Issues65
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Page 71 and 72: ‘dress the child’. To ‘dress
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Page 75 and 76: Chapter SixTranslation Loss and Gai
Page 77 and 78: 6.1.1.2. Levels of Loss6.1.1.2.1. M
Page 79 and 80: - Then which of the favours 5180Of
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Page 83 and 84: - If Allah willed, He could destroy
Page 85 and 86: - As for those who reject faith, I
Page 87 and 88: 6.1.1.2.3. Semantic LevelThis kind
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Page 91 and 92: According to At-Tabari and Ibn Kath
Page 93 and 94: (Mushaf Al-Madinah An-Nabawiyah: 18
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Page 97 and 98: Chapter SevenTranslation Determinac
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Page 101 and 102: .1 .2 .3By the same token, the tran
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Page 105 and 106: .( 21,) .TT:I recalled the long cha
Page 107 and 108: prone to various interpretations an
Page 109 and 110: khtar Al-Wakil: "". Hussein
Page 111 and 112: So much do I love wanderingSo much
Page 113 and 114: Version 2In your stillness, is ther
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Page 127 and 128: - As- Safi, A.B. (trans).1980. Taha
Page 129 and 130: - Hervey, Sandor and Higgins, Ian.
Page 131 and 132: - Reiss, Katherina. 1977. “Text-t
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