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424_2061_A.B.

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improbable (unlikely to happen) and impossible. Each kindis determined by the verb tense or form in both the mainclause (apodosis) and the subordinate clause (protasis). Theconditional particles if and unless do not play any role inthe determinacy of any of the above kinds. In fact, theconditional complex sentence may not contain any particlewhere an auxiliary verb had, were or the modal shouldintroduces the dependent clause.In Arabic, on the other hand, there are two main kinds:real or factual and improbable/impossible. Both the realand the hypothetical are determined by conditional particle:inn , idhaa and law The first two particles inArabic denote the first two kinds in English, whereas thethird Arabic particle denotes the other two, andrequires prefixing the main verb with laam . In theQur’an only inn and law are used for explicitcondition while idhaa is a temporal particle,sometimes with implicit condition, equivalent to when.Here are ten English translations of a Quranic ayawherein the first three employ verb forms indicatingimpossible condition which semantically contradicts thesecond part of it. ) . ( 19 :- And if Allah had so decided, He would indeed have goneaway with their hearing and their beholdings. Surely, Allahis Ever Determiner over everything.(Ghali : 4 )- Had God willed, He would have taken away their hearingand their sight. Truly, God is powerful over everything.(Arberry : 3 )81

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