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This contemporary period has witnessed the emergence ofmany new theories such as the ‘ polysystem theory, whichhas first arisen from the work of a group Russian literarytheorists. The concept of the ‘polysystem’ has receivedconsiderable attention in the work of certain groups oftranslation scholars since the mid-1970s. The theory offers ageneral model for understanding, analyzing and describingthe functions and evolution of literary systems, its specificapplication to the study of translated literature. Thesesystems, whether in the original or translated texts subsumeseveral levels: linguistic, cultural, and social, all of whichoverlap and interact with each other.‘Skopos theory’ is another theory which was developed inGermany in the late 1970s (Vermeer, 1978). It reflects a shiftfrom predominantly linguistic and rather formal theories to amore functionally and socio-culturally oriented concept oftranslation. The word ‘skopos’ is derived form Greek as atechnical term for the purpose of translation, i.e., skoposwhich must be defined before translation begins. The theoryendeavours to meet the growing need in the latter half of thetwentieth century for the translation of non-literary texts:scientific, academic papers, instructions for use, touristguides, contracts, etc. According to this theory, thecontextual factors surrounding the translation should not beignored. These factors include the culture of the intendedreaders of the target text and the client who commissioned it,and more significantly the function which the text aspires toperform in that culture for those readers. Likewise,pragmatics stresses the principle of intentionality intranslation, i.e. significance of the text or the author’sintention, and that the ‘comprehension of the intent’,according to Nida, is a vital requisite of translation .25