424_2061_A.B.

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awkward, unnatural, unintelligible and even unreadable becauseliteralism distorts the sense and the syntax of the original,impedes the translator's work and stifles his creativity. This iswhy machine translation (MT), which basically performs merereplacement or simple substitution of words in one language forwords in another, has succeeded in dealing with standardizedtexts employing plain, formulaic language such as weatherreports, government documents, and some legal texts.Legal texts are determinately translated to ensure precisecorrespondence of the rights and duties in the source text and inthe translation wherein only one accurate version is accepted, inboth the source and target texts. The language is a very distinctvariety characterized by precision, plainness and clarity.Documents like contracts or wills, for instance, are formulaicand frozen or even fossilized so that a contract or will written ortranslated in the wrong formula and not according to thestandardized form in both languages, is not a contract or will.This holds true for the other legal texts such as agreements,certificates, government documents, insurance policies, powersof attorney and testaments among others. Here are fewexamples:Lease Contract/Agreement Or: Dwelling Unit Rental Agreement This contract/agreement/ indenture made and signed this tenthday of July, 2009 between __________ as lessor, and_________ as lessee, witnesseth ________ 2009:__________That the lessor has this day leased to the lessee the premisessituated in _________ to be occupied by the lessee as aresidence (or insert any other purpose for which the building is98
leased for and during the term commencing on the first day ofJuly 2009, and ending on the thirtieth day of Jane 2010, uponthe terms and conditions hereinafter set forth) ______ 2009 ( 2010 ( ...The lessee shall pay to the lessor as rent the sum of FiveHundred Jordanian Dinars (500 JDs) payable in advance inequal monthly installments upon the first day of each andevery month during the term hereof . .OR:It is agreed this 20 day of July 2009 by and between:______(Landlord)_______ (Tenant)() ____ () ____ 2009 20That Landlord hereby lets to Tenant the premises situated in______ upon the following terms and conditions:: _____7.1.2. Skpos Determinacy equivalent Greek term, whichis an approach to translation developed by Vermeer (1989)to meet the growing need in the latter half of the 20 thcentury for the translation of scientific and academic papers,instructions for use, tourist guides and some legal texts such99
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Translation Theories, StrategiesAnd
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ContentsPagePreface……………
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4.2.2. Syntactic Modification Strat
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PrefaceIt is perhaps axiomatic to s
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Chapter OnePreliminaries: Definitio
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the target text we distinguish betw
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content. The second type deems the
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features and different accents, qui
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oadcasting station dar al-idaaahere
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On the other hand, monolingual audi
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2.1.The First PeriodThis period sta
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French humanist Etienne Dolet who h
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This contemporary period has witnes
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-representation. These systems requ
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Chapter ThreeTranslation Theories:
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is the ‘first systematic investig
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can be justified on this basis.”
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3..4.1.1. Informative: It is concer
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ehaviournon-intentionalintentional
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3.5 . Sociolinguistic TheoriesThese
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TT into line with a particular mode
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SL AuthorTL ReaderSL Encoder Gramma
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two languages are never identical i
Page 47 and 48: comes Webster’s definition of ‘
Page 49 and 50: Ideally, Bell (p. 27) rightly maint
Page 51 and 52: equivalence in the target language
Page 53 and 54: to be very tactful and eclectic in
Page 55 and 56: in which the original text undergoe
Page 57 and 58: the Arabic emphatic devices such as
Page 59 and 60: than stock market. Anani has replac
Page 61 and 62: African countries. She coaches the
Page 63 and 64: 4.2.6. Paraphrasing StrategyContrar
Page 65 and 66: Part TwoBasic Theoretical Issues65
Page 67 and 68: the native speakers of the two lang
Page 69 and 70: NiL or zero equivalence wherein the
Page 71 and 72: ‘dress the child’. To ‘dress
Page 73 and 74: The above collocations obviously po
Page 75 and 76: Chapter SixTranslation Loss and Gai
Page 77 and 78: 6.1.1.2. Levels of Loss6.1.1.2.1. M
Page 79 and 80: - Then which of the favours 5180Of
Page 81 and 82: improbable (unlikely to happen) and
Page 83 and 84: - If Allah willed, He could destroy
Page 85 and 86: - As for those who reject faith, I
Page 87 and 88: 6.1.1.2.3. Semantic LevelThis kind
Page 89 and 90: ecurrent coordinator wa which recu
Page 91 and 92: According to At-Tabari and Ibn Kath
Page 93 and 94: (Mushaf Al-Madinah An-Nabawiyah: 18
Page 95 and 96: Nicholson has not only introduced t
Page 97: Chapter SevenTranslation Determinac
Page 101 and 102: .1 .2 .3By the same token, the tran
Page 103 and 104: A static translation determined by
Page 105 and 106: .( 21,) .TT:I recalled the long cha
Page 107 and 108: prone to various interpretations an
Page 109 and 110: khtar Al-Wakil: "". Hussein
Page 111 and 112: So much do I love wanderingSo much
Page 113 and 114: Version 2In your stillness, is ther
Page 115 and 116: Word-for-word translation do not fi
Page 117 and 118: Verbal-----commencementyastatii'u r
Page 119 and 120: 8.3. Exemplification8.3.1. English
Page 121 and 122: 8.4. Rendition of English Prepositi
Page 123 and 124: 8.5.1.3. ?ala - Kaana ?ala haqq (He
Page 125 and 126: ()- She will/would keep interruptin
Page 127 and 128: - As- Safi, A.B. (trans).1980. Taha
Page 129 and 130: - Hervey, Sandor and Higgins, Ian.
Page 131 and 132: - Reiss, Katherina. 1977. “Text-t
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