424_2061_A.B.

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The salient Arabic modal auxiliaries which precede the finite(imperfect) verbs are the verbs of proximation andcommencement stated in (4) above. Here are some examples.- Kaada yamuutu atashan. (He was about to! on the point (verge) of dying of thirst).- Yakaadu al-barqu yakhtfu 'absaarahum: ()( Lightning almost snatches away their sight).- Shara'a ash-shaa'iru yanshidu qasiidatahu. (The poet started/ commenced reciting his poem).- Akhadha yaqra'u bisautin ?aalin... ( He began to read aloud.)8.3.3. Finite Verbs of ModalityModality can be lexicalized by finite verbs such as yajuuzu,yastatii'u (may/ might, can/ could), or verbs like allow:- Tastatii? ann taf?al maa tashaa' (You can / may do as you wish)- Yaiuuzu/ yasmahu laka ann tudakhin. () ( you can/ are allowed to smoke ),- yuhtamal! vuraiahu ann yusaafira ghadan. / (It is probable that he will travel tomorrow)8.3.4. Non-verbal ModalityThe bracketed sentences in 4.2.1 above exemplify non-verbalmodality in English. In Arabic it can be realized by a noun, aparticle or a preposition as mentioned in 4 above and asillustrated in the examples in 5 and 6 below.
8.4. Rendition of English Prepositions into Arabic: TheStrategy of LexicalizationBy employing the above strategy, English prepositions arelexicalized instead of being replaced literally by Arabicequivalent prepositions. The strategy is hoped to reproduce avivid, creative and dynamically communicative translation. Inthe following examples, some Arabic lexical items arebracketed to indicate optionality; otherwise lexicalization isobligatory.8.4.1. after- She was named after her mother. 8.4.2. at- The country has been at war with the neighbour for eightyears . () 8.4.3. before- He stood before the king. () - The ship sailed before the wind (with the flowing wind frombehind)8.4.4. behind- She is behind her brother in work. () 8.4.5. below- It is below your dignity to do that. 8.4.6. down- There is an exhibition of costumes down the ages..8.4.7. for- They fight for their country / / - His lawyer acts for him in this case. The university gave a dinner for him . 84.8. in
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Translation Theories, StrategiesAnd
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ContentsPagePreface……………
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4.2.2. Syntactic Modification Strat
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PrefaceIt is perhaps axiomatic to s
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Chapter OnePreliminaries: Definitio
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the target text we distinguish betw
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content. The second type deems the
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features and different accents, qui
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oadcasting station dar al-idaaahere
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On the other hand, monolingual audi
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2.1.The First PeriodThis period sta
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French humanist Etienne Dolet who h
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This contemporary period has witnes
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-representation. These systems requ
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Chapter ThreeTranslation Theories:
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is the ‘first systematic investig
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can be justified on this basis.”
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3..4.1.1. Informative: It is concer
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ehaviournon-intentionalintentional
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3.5 . Sociolinguistic TheoriesThese
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TT into line with a particular mode
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SL AuthorTL ReaderSL Encoder Gramma
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two languages are never identical i
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comes Webster’s definition of ‘
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Ideally, Bell (p. 27) rightly maint
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equivalence in the target language
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to be very tactful and eclectic in
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in which the original text undergoe
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the Arabic emphatic devices such as
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than stock market. Anani has replac
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African countries. She coaches the
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4.2.6. Paraphrasing StrategyContrar
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Part TwoBasic Theoretical Issues65
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the native speakers of the two lang
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Page 71 and 72: ‘dress the child’. To ‘dress
Page 73 and 74: The above collocations obviously po
Page 75 and 76: Chapter SixTranslation Loss and Gai
Page 77 and 78: 6.1.1.2. Levels of Loss6.1.1.2.1. M
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Page 83 and 84: - If Allah willed, He could destroy
Page 85 and 86: - As for those who reject faith, I
Page 87 and 88: 6.1.1.2.3. Semantic LevelThis kind
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Page 91 and 92: According to At-Tabari and Ibn Kath
Page 93 and 94: (Mushaf Al-Madinah An-Nabawiyah: 18
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Page 97 and 98: Chapter SevenTranslation Determinac
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Page 101 and 102: .1 .2 .3By the same token, the tran
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Page 105 and 106: .( 21,) .TT:I recalled the long cha
Page 107 and 108: prone to various interpretations an
Page 109 and 110: khtar Al-Wakil: "". Hussein
Page 111 and 112: So much do I love wanderingSo much
Page 113 and 114: Version 2In your stillness, is ther
Page 115 and 116: Word-for-word translation do not fi
Page 117 and 118: Verbal-----commencementyastatii'u r
Page 119: 8.3. Exemplification8.3.1. English
Page 123 and 124: 8.5.1.3. ?ala - Kaana ?ala haqq (He
Page 125 and 126: ()- She will/would keep interruptin
Page 127 and 128: - As- Safi, A.B. (trans).1980. Taha
Page 129 and 130: - Hervey, Sandor and Higgins, Ian.
Page 131 and 132: - Reiss, Katherina. 1977. “Text-t
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