Evaluation of the Ticket to Work Program, Implementation ...

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136the milestone-outcome payment generated any payment in the two years followingassignment, thus creating a very low cash flow. The small average revenues do notcompensate the EN for the service costs they incur. Thus, two years after a Ticket isassigned, we estimate that an EN will have experienced a loss of nearly $2,000 (forDI/concurrent beneficiaries) to more than $2,200 (for SSI-only beneficiaries).Table VIII.2. EN Experience with Milestone-Outcome Tickets Assigned in the First Yearafter TTW Rollout, Two Years after Assignment (in dollars)DI/ConcurrentSSI-OnlyExpected CostsOutreach and intake $ -782 $ -782Initial services -1,507 -1,529Follow-up services -26 -19Payment tracking -15 -11Total expected costs per Ticket assigned -2,330 -2,340Expected Revenues after AssignmentYear 1 214 83Year 2 138 44Total expected revenues per Ticket assigned 352 127Net Expected Revenue $-1,978 $-2,213Note: All revenues and costs discounted to date of Ticket assignment using the January 2004prime rate of 4 percent per year.To determine whether this early experience might improve for later enrollment cohorts,we examined the payment pattern associated with milestone-outcome Tickets within oneyear of assignment for assignments that occurred in the second year after Ticket rollout (FigureVIII.3). We compared this pattern to the payment pattern for Tickets assigned in the firstyear after Ticket rollout (Figure VIII.2). Among the later assignments, about 16 percent ofDI beneficiaries and about 9 percent of SSI-only beneficiaries generated a payment withinone year of assignment. These overall rates are similar to the rates observed in the earlierassignment data, although the monthly percentages of these Tickets that generated anypayment are lower overall than the monthly rates for Tickets assigned earlier. For both DIand SSI-only beneficiaries who generated a payment in the second year after rollout, thepayment rates in months 8 through 11 were already as low as those observed in the last fourmonths of the second year after assignment for beneficiaries who assigned in the first yearafter rollout.VIII: EN Cost and Revenue
Figure VIII.3. Percentage of Tickets Assigned in the Second Year After TTW Rollout ThatGenerate Any Payment in Months 0–11 That Generate Payment in EachMonth60%13750%40%30%20%10%0%0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23Months After AssignmentDI/ConcurrentSSINote:Percentages are Tickets for which a payment is received in a given month as a fractionof all Tickets generating payment within the first 24 months after assignment from dataon all Tickets assigned from February 2003 through January 2004.The early experience may improve if a larger share of beneficiaries served by ENsultimately generates at least one payment and if each beneficiary begins to generate morepayments. In addition, ENs could reduce their service costs if they could screenbeneficiaries before assignment, asking for information (such as goals, motivation, andemployment history) that might help determine which beneficiaries were most likely tobecome employed. If ENs enrolled only those beneficiaries who were highly likely togenerate a payment, they might spend less to provide services to clients who do not everreach zero-benefit status. However, the preliminary evidence from a later cohort of Ticketassignments does not suggest that monthly payment rates will increase much.C. FACTORS NECESSARY FOR ENS TO BECOME FINANCIALLY VIABLETwo years after Ticket assignment, ENs have found themselves in an unfavorablefinancial position with regard to TTW. In this section, we examine what it would take forENs to break even in TTW and discuss whether such steps are realistic. As in the sectionabove, we will focus on the milestone-outcome system because the outcome-only paymentVIII: EN Cost and Revenue
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A CKNOWLEDGMENTSThe Ticket To Work
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viiiChapterVI(CONTINUED)PageF. SUMM
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xChapterPageAPPENDIX A: TICKET TO W
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xiiTableVIII.3IX.1IX.2IX.3IX.4IX.5I
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xivFigureIII.5III.6III.7III.8III.9P
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xviIX.3EARNINGS OF BENEFICIARIES WI
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xviiiMIENBSNPRMOAGPABSSPSUSGASSASSI
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xxIn Phase 3, which began in Novemb
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xxiigroups of beneficiaries that Co
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xxivimprove TTW, therefore, is to f
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2of disability beneficiaries, and i
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4country. Phase 2 began in November
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Page Is Intentionally Left Blank to
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8Only a few beneficiary characteris
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10Figure II.2.Participation Rate, b
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12Figure II.4.First Assignments at
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14before Ticket, it is perhaps surp
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16was selected for Phase 3. This ma
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18All of the statistics in this sec
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Table II.2. Beneficiary Groups with
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22In all Phase 1 and Phase 2 states
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24Figure II.8. Ticket Participation
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26Adjustments for all other charact
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28In general, provider and payment
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30next report, we will conduct more
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32Figure III.2.Living Arrangements
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34• Less likely to have reported
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36Figure III.7.Prevalence of Diffic
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38are more likely than all benefici
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40Table III.1.Income and Program Pa
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42coverage through their own employ
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44sizable percentage of TTW partici
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46Overall, 9 percent of working-age
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48leave the rolls in the next year,
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50next year and in the next five ye
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52in their characteristics, levels
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54percentage points to 3.7 percent.
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56Figure IV.2. Phase 1 Ticket Recip
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58situation described in the preced
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60the end of the follow-up period w
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62Figure IV.6. Average Monthly Bene
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66ENs were reluctant to expand serv
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68As of July 2004, there were about
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70But most EN representatives saw T
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72Figure V.2. Number of EN Terminat
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74received a total of just about $2
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76Relatively few ENs have received
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78According to their representative
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80Five EN officials recognized that
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82This was particularly true for so
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84• Another EN representative fou
Page 110 and 111: 86• A third EN received 50 calls
Page 112 and 113: 88resolve administrative issues suc
Page 114 and 115: 90• Raise payments for SSI benefi
Page 116 and 117: 92Finally, the real and perceived w
Page 118 and 119: 94efforts to obtain Ticket assignme
Page 120 and 121: 96SSA payments to SVRAs under the T
Page 122 and 123: 98Figure VI.3. Total SSA Payments t
Page 124 and 125: 100assigning their Tickets to ENs (
Page 126 and 127: 102Table VI.1. SVRA Ticket Assignme
Page 128 and 129: 104case, the counselor selects the
Page 130 and 131: 106• Most of the agreements requi
Page 132 and 133: 108needs of SSA beneficiaries and,
Page 134 and 135: 110to the SVRA under the traditiona
Page 136 and 137: 112Tickets each month from November
Page 138 and 139: 114about submitting virtually ident
Page 140 and 141: 116To make EN recruiting efforts mo
Page 142 and 143: 118E. EN ENROLLMENTThe Program Mana
Page 144 and 145: 120beneficiaries who have achieved
Page 146 and 147: 122quarterly basis if they have rec
Page 148 and 149: 124SSA’s approval of systems spec
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Page 152 and 153: 128have accepted. But even at that
Page 154 and 155: 130For beneficiaries who express an
Page 156 and 157: 132rehabilitation counselors (Burea
Page 158 and 159: 134generated a payment to an EN gen
Page 162 and 163: 138system is used so infrequently t
Page 164 and 165: 140One option is for ENs to try to
Page 166 and 167: 142approximations. Our planned anal
Page 168 and 169: 144Figure IX.1. Ticket-Eligible Ben
Page 170 and 171: 146Table IX.2.TTW Participation Rat
Page 172 and 173: 148Figure IX.3. Earnings of Benefic
Page 174 and 175: 150Compared with other beneficiarie
Page 176 and 177: 152Like all other beneficiaries who
Page 178 and 179: This kind of mixed success in the e
Page 180 and 181: C. SVRA PARTICIPATION REMAINS STRON
Page 182 and 183: serving beneficiaries who are simil
Page 184 and 185: observe changes in their employment
Page 188 and 189: Mashaw, Jerry L., and Virginia P. R
Page 190 and 191: A-2Table A.1 (continued)Time Period
Page 194 and 195: Table B.1. DefinitionsB-2Variable D
Page 196 and 197: Table B.1 (continued)B-4Variable De
Page 198 and 199: Table B.1 (continued)Variable Defin
Page 200 and 201: B-8Table B.3. Participation Rate by
Page 202 and 203: B-10C. PARTICIPATION RATES BY BENEF
Page 204 and 205: Table B.6. Participation Rates by C
Page 206 and 207: Table B.6 (continued)Group Definiti
Page 208 and 209: Table B.6 (continued)B-16Group Defi
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C-2survey. Whenever possible, the i
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C-4given the large number of benefi
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C-6• Young SSI recipients who are
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C-8beneficiary may have had with EN
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C-10Table C.2. Overview of the Nati
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C-12Sample completes (n=1,178) and
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C.14Table C.3 (continued)AllIntervi
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C.16Table C.5. Final Weighted and U
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C.18Table C.7. Sociodemographic Cha
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C.20Table C.9. Health Status (Figur
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C.22Table C.11. Program Participati
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C.24Table C.14. Awareness of TTW (F
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C.26Table C.16. Employment Expectat
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D-2Table D.1. Selected Characterist
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D-4information from two pretest int
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