Evaluation of the Ticket to Work Program, Implementation ...

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60the end of the follow-up period was twice as large as the gap of six-tenths of one percentagepoint a year before Tickets were mailed.Figure IV.4. Phase 1 Ticket Recipients with Zero Benefits, by Ticket Assignment (Eligiblefor TTW on 1/12/2002)5.0%4.5%4.0%3.5%3.0%2.5%2.0%1.5%1.0%0.5%0.0%DI-12-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Months Since Ticket Was MailedAssigned TicketSSI5.0%4.5%4.0%3.5%3.0%2.5%2.0%1.5%1.0%0.5%0.0%-12-10-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 1214Months Since Ticket Was MailedDid Not Assign TicketThe fact that the participant-nonparticipant gap in the receipt of zero benefits by SSIbeneficiaries was larger 15 months after Tickets were mailed than it was 12 months beforethey were mailed is consistent with the hypothesis that TTW may have helped some of theTicket participants to make the transition to zero benefit status. The relatively rapid increasein the incidence of zero benefits among TTW participants in the postmailing period furthersupports this hypothesis for SSI beneficiaries. A comparison of the participantnonparticipantgap in the receipt of zero benefits by DI beneficiaries is a less reliableindicator of the possible effects of TTW. As explained in the previous section, this isbecause the nature of instability in benefit receipt was different after Tickets were mailed(transitions between benefit receipt and employment) than before (new enrollments). ForDI beneficiaries, the faster rate of growth in zero benefit status in the postmailing period byTTW participants relative to nonparticipants is a better indicator of the possible influence ofTTW, and it is consistent with a positive effect.3. Zero Benefits and Substantial EmploymentThe difference between Ticket participants and nonparticipants in the percentage whowere substantially employed and receiving zero benefits was larger before and after Ticketswere mailed than during the mail month itself (Figure IV.5). For both DI and SSIbeneficiaries, the participant-nonparticipant difference in this outcome measure was sixtenthsof one percentage point one year before Tickets were mailed. By the sixth monthafter Tickets were mailed, the participant-nonparticipant gap was three-tenths of apercentage point smaller than its former size for DI beneficiaries, whereas for SSIbeneficiaries, it was nearly one percentage point larger.IV: Early Outcomes for Ticket Recipients
Figure IV.5. Phase 1 Ticket Recipients with Zero Benefits and Substantial Employment,by Ticket Assignment (Eligible for TTW on 1/12/2002)615.0%4.5%4.0%3.5%3.0%2.5%2.0%1.5%1.0%0.5%0.0%DI-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6Months Since Ticket Was MailedAssigned TicketSSI5.0%4.5%4.0%3.5%3.0%2.5%2.0%1.5%1.0%0.5%0.0%-12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6Months Since Ticket Was MailedDid Not Assign TicketOur interpretation of these findings for this combined outcome measure is generallysimilar to that for zero benefit status alone. Among SSI beneficiaries, relatively rapidpostmailing growth in the percentage of TTW participants who were substantially employedand receiving zero benefits, and the resultant widening of the participant-nonparticipant gapin this outcome measure, are what we would expect if TTW had the effects intended bypolicymakers. In contrast, relative to non-participants, DI beneficiaries who participated inTTW experienced only slight growth in the percentage who were substantially employed andreceiving zero benefits. This finding is only weakly consistent with a possible positive effectof TTW.4. Disability Benefit AmountThe average combined DI and SSI benefit amount received during the months leadingup to and including the Ticket mail month was different for Ticket participants andnonparticipants (Figure IV.6). The sign and magnitude of the difference varied dramaticallybetween beneficiaries of the two programs. After Tickets were mailed, benefits for TTWparticipants fell relative to those for nonparticipants in both programs.Among DI recipients, the average disability benefit during the months leading up to andincluding the Ticket mail month was markedly smaller (by about $62) for those whoultimately assigned their Tickets than for those who did not. The opposite was true for SSIrecipients—TTW participants received larger benefits than nonparticipants before Ticketswere mailed—but the magnitude of the difference (about $15) was smaller than for DIrecipients.IV: Early Outcomes for Ticket Recipients
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A CKNOWLEDGMENTSThe Ticket To Work
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viiiChapterVI(CONTINUED)PageF. SUMM
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xChapterPageAPPENDIX A: TICKET TO W
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xiiTableVIII.3IX.1IX.2IX.3IX.4IX.5I
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xivFigureIII.5III.6III.7III.8III.9P
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xviIX.3EARNINGS OF BENEFICIARIES WI
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xviiiMIENBSNPRMOAGPABSSPSUSGASSASSI
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xxIn Phase 3, which began in Novemb
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xxiigroups of beneficiaries that Co
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xxivimprove TTW, therefore, is to f
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2of disability beneficiaries, and i
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4country. Phase 2 began in November
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Page Is Intentionally Left Blank to
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8Only a few beneficiary characteris
Page 34 and 35: 10Figure II.2.Participation Rate, b
Page 36 and 37: 12Figure II.4.First Assignments at
Page 38 and 39: 14before Ticket, it is perhaps surp
Page 40 and 41: 16was selected for Phase 3. This ma
Page 42 and 43: 18All of the statistics in this sec
Page 44 and 45: Table II.2. Beneficiary Groups with
Page 46 and 47: 22In all Phase 1 and Phase 2 states
Page 48 and 49: 24Figure II.8. Ticket Participation
Page 50 and 51: 26Adjustments for all other charact
Page 52 and 53: 28In general, provider and payment
Page 54 and 55: 30next report, we will conduct more
Page 56 and 57: 32Figure III.2.Living Arrangements
Page 58 and 59: 34• Less likely to have reported
Page 60 and 61: 36Figure III.7.Prevalence of Diffic
Page 62 and 63: 38are more likely than all benefici
Page 64 and 65: 40Table III.1.Income and Program Pa
Page 66 and 67: 42coverage through their own employ
Page 68 and 69: 44sizable percentage of TTW partici
Page 70 and 71: 46Overall, 9 percent of working-age
Page 72 and 73: 48leave the rolls in the next year,
Page 74 and 75: 50next year and in the next five ye
Page 76 and 77: 52in their characteristics, levels
Page 78 and 79: 54percentage points to 3.7 percent.
Page 80 and 81: 56Figure IV.2. Phase 1 Ticket Recip
Page 82 and 83: 58situation described in the preced
Page 86 and 87: 62Figure IV.6. Average Monthly Bene
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Page 90 and 91: 66ENs were reluctant to expand serv
Page 92 and 93: 68As of July 2004, there were about
Page 94 and 95: 70But most EN representatives saw T
Page 96 and 97: 72Figure V.2. Number of EN Terminat
Page 98 and 99: 74received a total of just about $2
Page 100 and 101: 76Relatively few ENs have received
Page 102 and 103: 78According to their representative
Page 104 and 105: 80Five EN officials recognized that
Page 106 and 107: 82This was particularly true for so
Page 108 and 109: 84• Another EN representative fou
Page 110 and 111: 86• A third EN received 50 calls
Page 112 and 113: 88resolve administrative issues suc
Page 114 and 115: 90• Raise payments for SSI benefi
Page 116 and 117: 92Finally, the real and perceived w
Page 118 and 119: 94efforts to obtain Ticket assignme
Page 120 and 121: 96SSA payments to SVRAs under the T
Page 122 and 123: 98Figure VI.3. Total SSA Payments t
Page 124 and 125: 100assigning their Tickets to ENs (
Page 126 and 127: 102Table VI.1. SVRA Ticket Assignme
Page 128 and 129: 104case, the counselor selects the
Page 130 and 131: 106• Most of the agreements requi
Page 132 and 133: 108needs of SSA beneficiaries and,
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110to the SVRA under the traditiona
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112Tickets each month from November
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114about submitting virtually ident
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116To make EN recruiting efforts mo
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118E. EN ENROLLMENTThe Program Mana
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120beneficiaries who have achieved
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122quarterly basis if they have rec
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124SSA’s approval of systems spec
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128have accepted. But even at that
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130For beneficiaries who express an
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132rehabilitation counselors (Burea
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134generated a payment to an EN gen
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136the milestone-outcome payment ge
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138system is used so infrequently t
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140One option is for ENs to try to
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142approximations. Our planned anal
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144Figure IX.1. Ticket-Eligible Ben
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146Table IX.2.TTW Participation Rat
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148Figure IX.3. Earnings of Benefic
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150Compared with other beneficiarie
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152Like all other beneficiaries who
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This kind of mixed success in the e
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C. SVRA PARTICIPATION REMAINS STRON
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serving beneficiaries who are simil
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observe changes in their employment
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Mashaw, Jerry L., and Virginia P. R
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A-2Table A.1 (continued)Time Period
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Table B.1. DefinitionsB-2Variable D
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Table B.1 (continued)B-4Variable De
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Table B.1 (continued)Variable Defin
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B-8Table B.3. Participation Rate by
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B-10C. PARTICIPATION RATES BY BENEF
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Table B.6. Participation Rates by C
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Table B.6 (continued)Group Definiti
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Table B.6 (continued)B-16Group Defi
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C-2survey. Whenever possible, the i
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C-4given the large number of benefi
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C-6• Young SSI recipients who are
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C-8beneficiary may have had with EN
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C-10Table C.2. Overview of the Nati
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C-12Sample completes (n=1,178) and
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C.14Table C.3 (continued)AllIntervi
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C.16Table C.5. Final Weighted and U
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C.18Table C.7. Sociodemographic Cha
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C.20Table C.9. Health Status (Figur
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C.22Table C.11. Program Participati
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C.24Table C.14. Awareness of TTW (F
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C.26Table C.16. Employment Expectat
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D-2Table D.1. Selected Characterist
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D-4information from two pretest int
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