american-holocaust

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PROLOGUEXVamong indigenous peoples today the echo of their fifteenth- and sixteenthcenturyopposition to annihilation, when, despite the wanton killing bythe European invaders and the carnage that followed the introduction ofexplosive disease epidemics, the natives resisted with an intensity the conquistadorsfound difficult to believe. "I do not know how to describe it,"wrote Bernal Diaz del Castillo of the defiance the Spanish encountered inMexico, despite the wasting of the native population by bloodbath andtorture and disease, "for neither cannon nor muskets nor crossbows availed,nor hand-to-hand fighting, nor killing thirty or forty of them every timewe charged, for they still fought on in as dose ranks and with more energythan in the beginning." 17Five centuries later that resistance remains, in various forms, throughoutNorth and South and Central America, as it does among indigenouspeoples in other lands that have suffered from the Westerners' furious wrath.Compared with what they once were, the native peoples in most of theseplaces are only remnants now. But also in each of those places, and inmany more, the struggle for physical and cultural survival, and for recoveryof a deserved pride and autonomy, continues unabated.All the ongoing violence against the world's indigenous peoples, inwhatever form-as well as the native peoples' various forms of resistanceto that violence--will persist beyond our full understanding, however, andbeyond our ability to engage and humanely come to grips with it, until weare able to comprehend the magnitude and the causes of the human destructionthat virtually consumed the people of the Americas and otherpeople in other subsequently colonized parts of the globe, beginning withColumbus's early morning sighting of landfall on October 12, 1492. Thatwas the start of it all. This book is offered as one contribution to ournecessary comprehension.He'eia, O'ahujanuary 1992D.E.S.
The main islands were thickly populated with a peaceful folk whenChrist-over found them. But the orgy of blood which followed, noman has written. We are the slaughterers. It is the tortured soul of ourworld.-WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS
Page 2 and 3: - . - ·-=-~~~~~--HISTORY"A much-ne
Page 4 and 5: AMERICANHOLOCAUSTThe Conquest of th
Page 6 and 7: For Florence Evelyn Harwood Stannar
Page 8 and 9: PROLOGUEIN THE DARKNESS of an early
Page 10 and 11: PROLOGUExiafter with an epigraph fr
Page 12 and 13: PROLOGUExiiiHistory for its own sak
Page 16 and 17: .... I ..BEFORE COLUMBUS
Page 18 and 19: 4 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTcapital already
Page 20 and 21: 6 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTwas ringed with
Page 22 and 23: 8 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTcustoms of the
Page 24 and 25: 10 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTsands of years
Page 26 and 27: 12 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTlatitude for t
Page 28 and 29: 14 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTof apartheid.
Page 30 and 31: 2COMBINED, NORTH AMERICA and South
Page 32 and 33: BEFORE COLUMBUS 19that archaeologis
Page 34 and 35: BEFORE COLUMBUS21. But in fact the
Page 36 and 37: BEFORE COLUMBUSbounty nature had gi
Page 38 and 39: BEFORE COLUMBUS 25their extraordina
Page 40 and 41: BEFORE COLUMBUS 27cal and religious
Page 42 and 43: BEFORE COLUMBUS29legal device. And
Page 44 and 45: BEFORE COLUMBUSSimilar observations
Page 46 and 47: BEFORE ·COLUMBUSpassed the limits
Page 48 and 49: BEFORE COLUMBUSHworld away in each
Page 50 and 51: BEFORE COLUMBUS 37the most extraord
Page 52 and 53: BEFORE COLUMBUS39Their cosmology la
Page 54 and 55: BEFORE COLUMBUS 41most extensive em
Page 56 and 57: BEFORE COLUMBUSThere were no locks
Page 58 and 59: BEFORE COLUMBUSpie of the Andes bui
Page 60 and 61: BEFORE COLUMBUS 47impressed into ro
Page 62 and 63: BEFORE COLUMBUS 49further south on
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BEFORE COLUMBUS 51rine corrals held
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BEFORE COLUMBUSIndeed, Morgan later
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NATIVE PEOPLESFor 40,000 years, hun
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;.Temple Group at Uaxactun, Guatema
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The Gallery of the Mercado, Chichen
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"While hunting with some of my comr
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The town of Secotan in Virginia, wh
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A young Seri Indian woman of southw
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A family from an unknown (possibly
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A Nez Perce boy from the ColumbiaPl
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4"< .II·PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE
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58 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTsands who live
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60 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTepisode of mas
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62 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTthe Inquisitio
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64 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTto know where
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66 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTI certify to y
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68 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTcapital, his t
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70 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTthere, in a pl
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72 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST' 'proceeded t
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74 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTthey were dism
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76 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTdian allies-at
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78 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTof the Aztec l
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80 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTpeak of the Az
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82 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST95 percent. It
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84 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTdian children
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86 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTico, over a so
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88 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTI would not co
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90 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTish seemed to
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92 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTtosf in the An
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94 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTtation masters
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.4INTHE AREA around the town of Bar
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 99God to be
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 101in Londo
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 103other co
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDElOSfered by
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 107winter o
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 109that one
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 111to carry
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 113mystery,
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 115"little
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 117menting"
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 119atrocity
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 121lowed up
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PESTiLENCE AND GENOCIDE 123de Tocqu
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 125had redu
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 127were fir
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 129away as
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 131This, th
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 133take up
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDEHSsailed up
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 137the padr
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 139food pro
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 141answered
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 143varied "
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 145the [Ind
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GENOCIDEDuring the course of four c
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"As the Spaniards went with their w
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"The Spanish treated the Indians wi
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"Because he did not give the great
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"With my own eyes I saw Spaniards c
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"In one square of less than half an
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Mass burials followed the carnage.
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In the wake of the carnage, whites
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IIISEX, RACE, AND HOLY WAR
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ISOAMERICAN HOJ.,OCAUSTfueled genoc
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1S2AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTfrom the other
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154 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTto the high M
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156 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTOf course, su
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HSAMERICAN HOLOCAUSTgons of the fai
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160 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTstones, whipp
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162 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTrevealing fas
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164 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST. And neverth
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166 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTthere followe
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168 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTfurther remov
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170 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTdwelling, and
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172 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTwithin even t
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174 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTFrom this per
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176 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTtected the re
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178 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSToverhead in A
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180 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTIf not wiped
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182 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTeconomy. But
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184 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTficial, conte
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186 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTleashed-and t
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188 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTtion criticis
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190 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTfor what happ
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192 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTknown. And, a
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CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS VIEWED himself
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 197disciplin
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 199informati
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 201religion.
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 203tainly sp
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 205not need
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 207appearanc
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 209In ancien
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 211contended
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 213tive raci
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 215the littl
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 217century F
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 219pean epid
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 221neither d
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 223ing the i
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 225regated e
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 227in the Gr
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 229beings an
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 231serves Sl
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR2Hthe British
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 235uum domic
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 237indenture
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 239fronted b
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 241beasts wh
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 243inner pro
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 245Two decad
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EPILOGUEIt is unlikely to have esca
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EPILOGUE 249still were human-and it
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EPILOGUE2Slunaware of the racism on
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EPILOGUE 253using screwdrivers to k
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EPILOGUE 255Indeed, it is insuffici
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EPILOGUE 257Ridge in South Dakota a
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APPENDIXES
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262 APPENDIX ISkeptics remained unc
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264 APPENDIX Ipassable by foot even
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266 APPENDIX Ihad to carry out at l
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268 APPENDIX Ibest estimate for the
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270 APPENDIX IIing her infant throw
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272 APPENDIX IIanimality and a pecu
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274 APPENDIX IIfirst of these is hi
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276 APPENDIX IIcomplex forms of rac
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278 APPENDIX IIearly years of settl
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280 APPENDIX IIUNITED NATIONS CONVE
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTSDuring the course of
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NOTESPrologue1. The official Americ
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NOTES 287involvement in and support
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NOTES 28923. Francis Jennings, The
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NOTES 291Longacre, ed., Reconstruct
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NOTES 29344. Robert Silverberg, Mou
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NOTES 29571. For this and more see
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NOTES 297Gerald R. Clark, "A Late P
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NOTES 299in Western Europe from Lat
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NOTES 301in a symposium on that boo
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NOTES 303Bureau of Labor Statistics
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NOTES 305121. Ibid., p. 143. See al
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NOTES 307Principal Navigations, Voy
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NOTES 309one-third; see William H.
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NOTESHl81. Leach, Flintlock and Tom
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NOTESH3Western Oregon," Ethnohistor
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NOTES 315145. Cook, Indian versus t
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NOTES 317people killed in the Holoc
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NOTES 319bridge: Cambridge Universi
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NOTES ~2146. Quoted in Couliano, Er
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NOTES 323bridge University Press, 1
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NOTES32SMediterranean and the Medit
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NOTES 32725. Robert L. O'Connell, O
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NOTES 32960. Quoted in Todorov, Con
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NOTES 331White Man to Redskin: Chan
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NOTESH3113. See Schlatter, Private
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NOTES~eal E. Salisbury, "Red Purita
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NOTES 337The toll in Soviet militar
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NOTES 339cide in New Mexico, 1957-1
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INDEXAbenaki Indians, 118Acaxee peo
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INDEX 349Chaco Canyon, 25Chadwick,
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INDEX 351Golovnin, V.M., 138Gomara,
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INDEXLifton, Robert Jay, 246Lillooc
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INDEXH5Pennacook Indians, 28Penning
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INDEX 357Thirty Years War, 225Thoma
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