american-holocaust

38 AMERICAN HOLOCAUSTarchaeological-demographic analysis has shown that at least 425,000 people-fourto five times the population of the city itself, and a much highernumber than ever before supposed-were under the city's direct controlthroughout the surrounding countryside. 58Many thick volumes have been written on the wonders of Maya cultureand civilization-its economic organization and trade networks, itsfabulous artworks, its religion and literature, its complex calendrical andastrological systems, and more. This is not the place to try to review anyof this work, but it is important at least to point out how little we stillknow of these people. Their involved writing system, combining elementsof both phonetic and ideographic script, for example, appears to have beenfully expressive of the most intricate and abstract thinking and has beencompared favorably to Japanese, Sumerian, and Egyptian-but it continuesto defy complete translation.Similarly, for many years the absence of a gridwork layout to streets,plazas, and buildings in Maya cities puzzled scholars. Right angles weren'twhere they logically should have been, buildings skewed off oddly andfailed to line up in the expected cardinal directions; everything seemed totwist away from an otherwise generally northward presentation. Apparently,said some archaeologists, Maya builders were incompetent andcouldn't construct simple right angles. Given the exquisite and precisealignments of every other aspect of Maya architecture, however, othersthought this to be at best a hasty criticism. And now it is beginning tobecome evident that these seeming eccentricities of engineering had nothingto do with incompetence.On the contrary, a complicated and original architectural pattern hadalways been present-the same pattern, some began to notice, in city aftercity after city-but its conceptual framework was so foreign to conventionalWestern perception and thought that it remained effectively invisible.Recently, the "code," as it were, of Maya engineering and constructionhas begun to be deciphered, and the story it reveals is mind-boggling.So precise were the Maya calendrical measurements and astronomical observations-andso central were these cosmic environmental calculationsto their ritual and everyday lives-that the Maya constructed their citiesin such a way that everything lined up exactly with specific celestial movementsand patterns, particularly as they concerned the appearance and disappearanceof the planet Venus in the evening sky. 5 9 We will never understanddeeply the world of the ancient Maya. Too much has already beenlost. But, in addition to what is known about their exceptional achievementsin creating a vast and complex empire of trade, commerce, politics,urban planning, architecture, art, and literature, what anthropologist andastronomer Anthony Aveni has said about the life of the mind among theMaya surely is correct: