american-holocaust

NOTES 303Bureau of Labor Statistics, that is the equivalent of more than $10,000,000 in1990.84. Quoted in Pedro de Alvarado, An Account of the Conquest of Guatemalain 1524, ed. Sedley]. Mackie (Boston: Milford House, 1972), pp. 126-32.85. For these and other enumerations, see Daniel T. Reff, Disease, Depopulation,and Culture Change in Northwestern New Spain, 1518-1764 (Salt LakeCity: University of Utah Press, 1991), pp. 194-242.86. Crosby, Columbian Exchange, p. 50; Newson, The Cost of Conquest,pp. 109-110, 127.87. Diego de Landa and Lorenzo de Bienvenida are quoted in Grant D. Jones,Maya Resistance to Spanish Rule: Time and History on a Colonial Frontier (Albuquerque:University of New Mexico Press, 1989), pp. 42-43.88. Alonzo de Zorita, Life and Labor in Ancient Mexico: The Brief and SummaryRelation of the Lords of New Spain, translated by Benjamin Keen (NewBrunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1963), p. 210.89. There is a photograph of this fa-rade in Robert S. Weddle, Spanish Sea:The Gulf of Mexico in North American Discovery, 1500-1685 (College Station:Texas A & M University Press, 1985), between pages 158 and 159.90. This handful of examples, from a seemingly endless library of such tales,comes from William L. Sherman, Forced Native Labor in Sixteenth Century CentralAmerica (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979), pp. 44-45, 61, 268;Zorita, Life and Labor in Ancient Mexico, p. 210; Jones, Maya Resistance toSpanish Rule, pp. 42-43; and Alvarado, An Account of the Conquest of Guatemala,p. 129.91. John Grier Varner and Jeannette Johnson Varner, Dogs of the Conquest(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983), pp. 192-93.92. Ibid., pp. 36-39.93. Peter Martyr, quoted in Todorov, Conquest of America, p. 141.94. Sherman, Forced Native Labor, pp. 64-65. On repeated branding as slaveswere passed from one owner to another, see Donald E. Chipman, Nuno de Guzmanand the Province of Panuco in New Spain, 1518-1533 (Glendale, Calif.:Arthur H. Clark, 1967), p. 210.95. In Morison, ed., journals and Other Documents, p. 212.96. Quoted in Todorov, Conquest of America, p. 139.97. Sherman, Forced Native Labor, p. 311.98. Ibid., pp. 315-16.99. Ibid., p. 316.100. For the examples cited, see Sherburne F. Cook and Woodrow Borah, TheIndian Population of Central Mexico, 1531-1610, Ibero-Americana, Number 44(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960); Woodrow Borah and SherburneF. Cook, The Aboriginal Population of Central Mexico on the Eve of the SpanishConquest, lbero-Americana, Number 45 (Berkeley: University of California Press,1963); Peter Gerhard, A Guide to the Historical Geography of New Spain (Princeton:Princeton University Press, 1972), pp. 22-25; Peter Gerhard, The SoutheastFrontier of New Spain (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979), p. 25; PeterGerhard, The North Frontier of New Spain (Princeton: Princeton University Press,1982), pp. 23-25; Clinton R. Edwards, "Quintana Roo: Mexico's Empty Quarter"