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NOTES 29571. For this and more see the chapter on Cuzco in Hemming, Conquest of theIncas, pp. 118-36. Garcilaso de Ia Vega is quoted in Graziano Gasparini andLouise Margolies, Inca Architecture, translated by Patricia J. Lyon (Bloomington:Indiana University Press, 1980), p. 198.72. Cook, Demographic Collapse, pp. 39, 219.73. Ibid., p. 200.74. Ibid.75. Cieza de Leon, The Incas, p. 318.76. Ibid., pp. 328, 305.77. See John Hyslop, The Inka Road System (New York: Academic Press, 1984),pp. 323-31.78. Pedro Sancho, Relacion para S.M. de lo sucedido en Ia conquesta y pacificationde estas provincias de Ia Nueva Castilla y de Ia calidad de Ia tierra, quoted(as is the preceding quotation from Pizarro) in Hemming, Conquest of the Incas,p. 101.79. Ibid., pp. 123-24.80. Jose de Acosta, Historia Natural y Moral de las Indias (Seville, 1590);cited in Brandon, New Worlds for Old, p. 12.81. Sabine MacCormack, "Demons, Imagination, and the Incas," Representations,33 (1991), 134. For a concentrated look at the religious worlds of NorthAmerica's native peoples, showing how varied their spiritual lives were, while atthe same time demonstrating how those lives were always logically connected withthe specific nature of the immediately surrounding environment, see Ake Hultkrantz,Native Religions of North America: The Power of Visions and 1 Fertility(New York: Harper & Row, 1987).82. Quoted in Brandon, New Worlds for Old, p. 13.83. John Hemming, Red Gold: The Conquest of the Brazilian Indians, 1500-1760 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978), p. 46.84. Jean de Lery, Histoire d'un voyage faict en Ia terre du Bresil, autrement diteAmerique (La Rochelle, 1578); quoted in Brandon, New Worlds for Old, p. 13.85. On the varied languages of the Amazonian peoples, see Doris L. Payne,ed., Amazonian Linguistics: Studies in Lowland South American Languages (Austin:University of Texas Press, 1990). The discovery of 7000- to 8000-year-oldpottery in the Amazon lowlands is discussed in A.C. Roosevelt, R.A. Housely, M.Imazio da Silveira, S. Maranca, and R. Johnson, "Eighth Millennium Pottery froma Prehistoric Shell Midden in the Brazilian Amazon," Science, 254 (1991), 1621-24. For general discussion, see J. Brochado and D.W. Lathrap, Amazonia (Urbana:University of Illinois Press, 1982); A.C. Roosevelt, The Developmental Sequenceat Santarem on the Lower Amazon, Brazil (Washington, D.C.: National Endowmentfor the Humanities, 1990); and A. C. Roosevelt, Moundbuilders of the Amazon:Geophysical Archaeology on Marajo Island, Brazil (New York: AcademicPress, 1991).86. William Denevan has estimated the Amazon basin population at between5.1 million and 6.8 million in "The Aboriginal Population of Amazonia," in Denevan,ed., Native Population of the Americas, pp. 205-34; Clastres's estimate forthe Guarani appears in his Society Against the State: The Leader as Servant andthe Humane Uses of Power Among the Indians of the Americas (New York: UrizenBooks, 1977), pp. 64-82.