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NOTES 323bridge University Press, 1975), pp. 19-20; see Little, " 'Holy War' Appeals andWestern Christianity," p. 126.92. The classic study on this subject is Carl Erdmann's 1935 Die Entstehungdes Kreuzzugsgedankens, translated as The Origin of the Idea of Crusade by MarshallW. Baldwin and Walter Goffart (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977).See especially, pp. 4-32, 105-108.93. See Riley-Smith, The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading for discussion,pp. 84-85.94. Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, translated by JonRothschild (London: AI Saqi Books, 1984), pp. 48-49.95. Quoted in Turner, Beyond Geography, p. 79.96. Mayer, Why Did the Heavens Not Darken?, pp. 24-25; Roland Bainton,Christian Attitudes Toward War and Peace: A Historical Survey and Critical Reevaluation(Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1960), p. 112.97. James A. Brundage, "Prostitution, Miscegenation, and Sexual Purity inthe First Crusade," in Edbuty, ed., Crusade and Settlement, p. 58. On pride asanother sin responsible for defeat, see Elizabeth Siberry, Criticism of Crusading,1095-1274 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985), pp. 99-101; Siberry also discussesthe perceived relationship between sexual behavior and defeat, pp. 45-46, 102-103.98. Brundage, "Prostitution, Miscegenation, and Sexual Purity," pp. 60-61.99. Cohn, Pursuit of the Millennium, p. 87.100. Moses I. Finley, "Was Greek Civilization Based on Slave Labor?" in MosesI. Finley, ed., Slavery in Classical Antiquity: Views and Controversies (Cambridge:W. Heffer & Sons, 1968), pp. 58-59.101. Keith R. Bradley, "On the Roman Slave Supply and Slavebreeding,"in Moses I. Finley, ed., Classical Slavery (London: Frank Cass & Co., 1987),p. 42.102. John Boswell, The Kindness of Strangers: The Abandonment of Childrenin Western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance (New York: PantheonBooks, 1988), pp. 71, 75.103. David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture (Ithaca,N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1966), p. 38.104. David Brion Davis, Slavery and Human Progress (New York: OxfordUniversity Press, 1984), p. 55.105. Charles Verlinden, The Beginnings of Modern Colonization: Eleven Essayswith an Introduction, translated by Yvonne Freccero (Ithaca, N.Y.: CornellUniversity Press, 1970), p. 39.106. Boswell, Kindness of Strangers, pp. 405-406.107. Patterson, Slavery and Social Death, p. 171; Verlinden, Beginnings ofModern Colonization, p. 94; Charles Verlinden, "Medieval 'Slavers,' " in DavidHerlihy, Robert Lopez, and Vsevolod Slessarev, eds., Economy, Society, and Governmentin Medieval Italy: Essays in Memory of Robert L. Reynolds (Kent, Ohio:Kent State University Press, 1969), p. 7; Davis, Problem of Slavery in WesternCulture, p. 61.108. Elliott, Imperial Spain, p. 95. On the special dress requirements for Muslimsand Jews, and the penalties for sexual liaisons wil:h Christians, see Elena Lourie,"Anatomy of Ambivalence: Muslims Under the Crown of Aragon in the Late Thir-