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324 NOTESteenth Century," in Lourie, Crusade and Colonisation: Muslims, Christians, andJews in Medieval Aragon (Hampshire: Variorum, 1990), pp. 54-56.109. Cecil Roth, "Marranos and Racial Anti-Semitism-A Study in Parallels,"Jewish Social Studies, 2 (1940), 239-48.110. See Stephen Haliczer, "The Jew as Witch: Displaced Aggression and theMyth of the Santo Nino de La Guardia," in Mary Elizabeth Perry and Anne J.Cruz, eds., Cultural Encounters: The Impact of the Inquisition in Spain and theNew World (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), pp. 150-53. The storyof Christobalico is only one example among many of the common Christian "bloodlibel" at that time of charging that Jews had crucified children to mock the crucifixionof Christ. For discussion, see L. Sinanoglou, "The Christ Child as Sacrifice,"Speculum, 43 (1973), 491-509; and, for an early variation on the theme, see ElenaLourie, "A Plot Which Failed? The Case of the Corpse Found in the Jewish Callof Barcelona (1301)," Mediterranean Historical Review, 1 (1986), 187-220.111. Mayer, Why Did the Heavens Not Darken?, pp. 459, 461.112. Stephan L. Chorover, From Genesis to Genocide: The Meaning of HumanNature and the Power of Behavior Control (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1979),pp. 80-81, 100-101.113. Richard L. Rubenstein, The Cunning of History: The Holocaust and theAmerican Future (New York: Harper & Row, 1978), passim.114. Lucien Febvre and Henri-Jean Martin, The Coming of the Book: TheImpact of Printing, 1450-1800, translated by David Gerard and edited by GeoffreyNowell-Smith and David Wootton (London: N.L.B., 1984), p. 186.115. Marjorie Reeves, The Influence of Prophecy in the Later Middle Ages: AStudy in Joachimism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969), pp. 259, 430-31.116. Ibid., p. 305.117. Leonard I. Sweet, "Christopher Columbus and the Millennia! Vision ofthe New World," The Catholic Historical Review, 72 (1986), 373. The source ofColumbus's claim that Joachim of Fiore had said that "he who will restore the arkof Zion will come from Spain," has long puzzled students of the subject. For discussion,and the identification of Arnold of Villanova, see John Leddy Phelan, TheMillennia/ Kingdom of the Franciscans in the New World, Revised Edition (Berkeley:University of California Press, 1970), pp. 22, 134-35; and Pauline MoffittWatts, "Prophecy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus's'Enterprise of the Indies,' "American Historical Review, 90 (1985), 94-95.118. Kenneth Scott Latourette, A History of the Expansion of Christianity (NewYork: Harper & Row, 1940), Volume Three, p. 2; quoted in Phelan, Millennia/Kingdom of the Franciscans, p. 27.119. Probably the best account of the trial and execution of John Huss remainsthat of Henry Charles Lea in The Inquisition of the Middle Ages, available in asingle volume edition abridged by Margaret Nicholson (New York: Macmillan,1961), pp. 475-522.120. Ibid., p. 568.121. Quoted in Philip Ziegler, The Black Death (New York: Harper & Row,1971), pp. 270-71.122. Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World System, I: Capitalist Agricultureand the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century(London: Academic Press, 1974), p. 80. On inflation, see Fernand Braude!, The