american-holocaust

NOTES 337The toll in Soviet military casualties from Operation Barbarossa is reported inPeter Calvocoressi, Guy Wint, and John Pritchard, Total War: Causes and Coursesof the Second World War, Revised Second Edition (New York: Pantheon Books,1989), p. 204.9. Frederick R. Karl and Laurence Davies, eds., The Collected Letters of josephConrad (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), Volume Two, p. 16.Hitler's contempt for humanity is well known and widely discussed, but see, forexample, Alan Bullock, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, Revised Edition (New York:Harper & Row, 1962), pp. 398-99.10. Albert J. Guerard, "Introduction" to Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darknessand the Secret Sharer (New York: New American Library, 1950), pp. 7- 8.11. The quoted words are from Chinua Achebe's brilliant essay, "An Image ofAfrica: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness," in Chinua Achebe, Hopes andImpediments: Selected Essays (New York: Doubleday, 1989), pp. 14-15; andMarianna Torgovnick, Gone Primitive: Savage Intellects, Modern Lives (Chicago:University of Chicago Press, 1990), p. 141.12. Achebe, "An Image of Africa," pp. 11, 19. In Gone Primitive, pp. 270-71, Torgovnick discusses the outrage that erupted in some literary circles followingthe original 1977 publication of Achebe's essay; Torgovnick herself (pp. 141-58)focuses on the female element in Conrad's racist vision of African primitivism.13. Conrad, Heart of Darkness, pp. 105-106.14. Chinua Achebe, "Impediments to Dialogue Between North and South," inHopes and Impediments, p. 23.15. Quoted in John W. Dower, War Without Mercy: Race and Power in thePacific War (New York: Pantheon Books, 1986), p. 64. The quotations in thepreceding paragraph are from ibid., pp. 108, 335.16. Ibid., pp. 64-65.17. Ronald T. Takaki, Iron Cages: Race and Culture in 19th-Century America(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979), p. 96.18. Quoted in Richard Drinnon, Facing West: The Metaphysics of Indian-Hatingand Empire-Building (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980), pp. 448-49.19. Ibid., pp. 369, 449; Frances FitzGerald, Fire in the Lake: The Vietnameseand the Americans in Vietnam (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1972), pp.367-68.20. Further excerpts--much more violent and obscene than this--were publishedin Christopher Hitchens, "Minority Report," The Nation (13 February 1989),p. 187, but even Hitchens could not reprint certain verses.21. New York Times (28 March 1991), p. A18, columns 3 and 4.22. The estimates of the number of children killed as a direct result of the war,and the prediction of numbers slated to die in the months ahead, come from a tenmemberHarvard University medical team that visited Iraq in the immediate aftermathof the war. See New York Times (22 May 1991), p. A16, columns 1 and 2.See also the report of a United Nations Secretary-General investigation in London'sGuardian Weekly (4 August 1991), p. 9, columns 1 through 5. Reflections on theU.S. war against Iraq are just beginning to appear at this writing, but one of thefirst books to be published that is deserving of attention is Thomas C. Fox, Iraq:Military Victory, Moral Defeat (New York: Sheed & Ward, 1991).