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296 NOTES87. Marshall Sahlins, "The Original Affluent Society," in Sahlins, Stone AgeEconomics (London: Tavistock Publications, 1974), pp. 1-39.88. Junius B. Bird, "The Archaeology of Patagonia," in Handbook of SouthAmerican Indians (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of American Ethnology BulletinNumber 143, 1946), pp. 17-24.89. On the Timucuan language evidence, see Joseph H. Greenberg, Languagein the Americas(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988), pp. 106-7, 336.90. Irving Rouse, "On the Meaning of the Term 'Arawak'," in Fred Olsen,On the Trail of the Arawaks (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1974), p.XV.91. Bartolome de las Casas, Apologetica historia de las Indias (Madrid: MarcelinoMenendez y Pelayo, 1909}, ch. 43; quoted in Carl Ortwin Sauer, The EarlySpanish Main (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966), p. 63.92. Sauer, Early Spanish Main, pp. 51-53.93. Olsen, On the Trail of the Arawaks, p. 342.94. Sauer, Early Spanish Main, pp. 58-59; Robert S. Weddle, Spanish Sea:The Gulf of Mexico in North American Discovery, 1500-1685 (College Station:Texas A&M University Press, 1985), p. 28.95. Sauer, Early Spanish Main, p. 69.96. J.H. Elliott, "The Discovery of America and the Discovery of Man," Proceedingsof the British Academy, 58 (1972}, 119.97. Quoted in Brandon, New Worlds for Old, p. 60.98. EdmundS. Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordealof Colonial Virginia (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1975), p. 39.99. Ibid., p. 40.100. John C. Super, Food, Conquest, and Colonization in Sixteenth-CenturySpanish America (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1988), pp. 79-88.101. Quoted in JohnS. Milloy, The Plains Cree: Trade, Diplomacy, and War,1790 to 1870 (Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1988}, p. 71.102. Jane E. Buikstra, ed., Prehistoric Tuberculosis in the Americas (Evanston:Northwestern University Archaeological Program, Scientific Papers Number 5, 1981),p. 18; Brenda J. Baker and George J. Armelagos, "The Origin and Antiquity ofSyphilis," Current Anthropology, 29 (1988), 703-20; but see also the commentariesfollowing the Baker and Armelagos article and Henry F. Dobyns, "On Issuesin Treponema! Epidemiology," Current Anthropology, 30 (1989), 342-43.103. See, for example, Mary Lucas Powell, Status and Health in Prehistory: ACase Study of the Moundville Chiefdom (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian InstitutionPress, 1988), pp. 152-82.104. George W. Gill, "Human Skeletal Remains on the Northwestern Plains,"in George C. Frison, ed., Prehistoric Hunters of the High Plains, Second Edition(New York: Academic Press, 1991), pp. 442-43. An illustrative example of humanlongevity in this region is the Late Plains Archaic (approximately 1000 B.C. to 500A.D.) skeleton of a man recently discovered at Iron Jaw Creek, Montana. Of greatlyadvanced years, having lost all his teeth long before his death and exhibiting aframe far too decrepit and infirm to have allowed him to contribute materially tothe well-being of others in the community, he apparently was well cared for andfed a special soft diet to sustain him in his waning years. See George W. Gill and