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306 NOTESthe bulk of the Mesoamerican and South American populations, and which werethe hardest hit both by genocidal violence and disease-were contacted, and collapsed,within the first few decades of the conquest.Chapter Four1. Pedro Simon, The Expedition of Pedro de Ursua and Lope de Aguirre inSearch of ElDorado and Omagua in 1560-1561, translated by William Bollaert(London: Hakluyt Society, 1861), p. 228.2. Louis B. Wright, Gold, Glory and the Gospel: The Adventurous Lives andTimes of the Renaissance Explorers (New York: Atheneum, 1970), pp. 264-66.3. See Charles Gibson, The Black Legend: Anti-Spanish Attitudes in the OldWorld and the New (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1971), pp. 1-27.4. For detailed analyses and bibliography on these points, see Benjamin Keen,"Introduction: Approaches to Las Casas, 1535-1970," Manuel M. Martinez, "LasCasas on the Conquest of America," and Juan Comas, "Historical Reality and theDetractors of Father Las Casas," in Juan Friede and Benjamin Keen, eds., Bartolomede Las Casas in History: Toward an Understanding of the Man and HisWork (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1971), pp. 3-63, 309-49, and487-537.5. Bruce B. Solnick, "After Columbus: Castile in the Caribbean," Terrae Incognitae,4 (1972), 124.6. Philip Wayne Powell, Tree of Hate: Propaganda and Prejudice AffectingUnited States Relations with the Hispanic World (New York: Basic Books, 1971),p. 27. This particular author's determination to protect the fifteenth and sixteenthcentury Spanish from criticism is so extreme that he even defends the Inquisitionas a reasonable affair brought on by traitorous Jews who were "enemies of thestate" and who themselves taught the supposedly tolerant Spanish in the ways andwiles of intolerance. For this latter claim, Powell cites Salvador de Madariaga,"certainly one who could not fairly be tarred with the epithet 'antisemitic,' " hesays-failing to note that, among other examples, Madariaga claimed that Columbuswas a Jew, based on the "evidence" that the admiral was "greedy,'' that hehad a strong "bargaining sense," and a "typically Jewish mobility." On Madariagaand Columbus, see the brief but telling discussion in Leonardo Olschki, "WhatColumbus Saw on Landing in the West Indies," Proceedings of the AmericanPhilosophical Society, 84 (1941), 654-55.7. Lawrence Stone, The Family, Sex and Marriage in England, 1500-1800(New York: Harper & Row, 1977), pp. 64, 68.8. A.D.]. Macfarlane, Witchcraft in Tudor and Stuart England (New York:Harper & Row, 1970), pp. 60-61.9. Quoted in Howard Mumford Jones, 0 Strange New World: AmericanCulture-the Formative Years (London: Chatto and Windus, Ltd., 1964), p. 169.10. Nicholas P. Canny, "The Ideology of English Colonization: From Irelandto America," William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, 30 (1973), 582.11. Ibid.12. Ibid., 593-95.13. From the account of the voyage by Dionise Settle in Richard Hakluyt, The