american-holocaust

328 NOTES39. Thomas F. Gossett, Race: The History of an Idea in America (New York:Schocken Books, 1965), p. 15.40. See Anthony Pagden, The Fall of Natural Man: The American Indian andthe Origins of Comparative Ethnology, Revised Edition (Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1986), pp. 38-39, 47-50.41. Lewis Hanke, Aristotle and the Americans: A Study in Race Pre;udice inthe Modern World (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1959), p. 47; Don FrayBartolome de Las Casas, In Defense of the Indians, translated and edited by StaffordPoole (DeKalb: Northern lllinois University Press, 1974), pp. 37-42.42. Hanke, Aristotle and the American Indians, p. 65.43. Ibid., p. 74. .44. Quoted in Pagden, The Fall of Natural Man, p. 104.45. Quoted in Lewis Hanke, The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquestof America (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1965), p. 11.46. John H. Elliott, "Renaissance Europe and America: A Blunted Impact?" inFredi Chiappelli, Michael J.B. Allen, and Robert L. Benson, eds., First Images ofAmerica: The Impact of the New World on the Old (Berkeley: University of CaliforniaPress, 1976), Volume One, p. 15.47. Hugh Honour, The New Golden Land: European Images of America fromthe Discoveries to the Present Time (New York: Pantheon Books, 1975), pp. 53-55.48. Elliott, Imperial Spain, p. 215.49. Stanley G. Payne, A History of Spain and Portugal (Madison: Universityof Wisconsin Press, 1973), Volume One, p. 281.50. Kirkpatrick Sale, The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus andthe Columbian Legacy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1990), pp. 180-81.51. Ralph Davis, The Rise of the Atlantic Economies (London: Weidenfeldand Nicoloson, 1973), pp. 40-41.52. Ibid., pp. 41-42.53. Earl J. Hamilton, American Treasure and the Price Revolution in Spain,1501-1650 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1934), p. 34. Hamilton's figuresare presented in pesos of 450 maravedis; they are converted to ducats (375maravedis) by Elliott, Imperial Spain, p. 175.54. Payne, History of Spain and Portugal, p. 283; Davis, Rise of the AtlanticEconomies, p. 68; William McNeill, The Pursuit of Power: Technology, ArmedForce, and Society Since A.D. 1000 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982),p. 109; Charles Wilson, The Transformation of Europe, 1558-1648 (Berkeley:University of California Press, 1976), p. 136.55. Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modem World-System, I: Capitalist Agricultureand the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century(New York: Academic Press, 1974), p. 179.56. Gaspar de Espinosa's fortune is mentioned in Elliott, The Old World andthe New, p. 67; "Harvest of Blood" is the title O'Connell gives to his chapter onthe sixteenth century in Of Arms and Men, pp. 124-47.57. O'Connell, Of Arms and Men, p. 132.58. Ibid., p. 133.59. Henri de la Popeliniere, Les Trois Mondes (Paris, 1582), quoted in Elliott,The Old World and the New, p. 83.