american-holocaust

NOTES 291Longacre, ed., Reconstructing Prehistoric Pueblo Societies (Albuquerque: Universityof New Mexico Press, 1970), esp. pp. 59-83; and Robert H. and Florence C.Lister, Chaco Canyon: Archaeology and Archaeologists (Albuquerque: Universityof New Mexico Press, 1981).21. See R. Gwinn Vivian, "Conservation and Diversion: Water Control Systemsin the Anasazi Southwest," in T.E. Downing and M. Gibson, eds., Irrigation'sImpact on Society (Tucson: Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona,1974), pp. 95-111.22. Nabokov and Easton, Native American Architecture, p. 363.23. For general studies, see Stephen H. LeBlanc, "Aspects of Southwestern Prehistory,A.D. 900-1400," in F.J. Mathien and R.H. McGuire, eds., Ripples in theChichimec Sea: New Considerations of Southwestern-Mesoamerican Interactions(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1986), pp. 105-34; and W. JamesJudge, "Chaco Canyon-San Juan Basin," in Cordell and Gumerman, eds., Dynamicsof Southwest Prehistory, pp. 209-61. The most detailed studies of the ancientroad systems are Gretchen Obenauf, "The Chacoan Roadway System" (M.A. Thesis,University of New Mexico, 1980) and Chris Kincaid, ed., Chaco Roads Proiect:Phase I (Albuquerque: Bureau of Land Management, 1983). For comment onhow little of the Grand Canyon has thus far been studied, see Barry Lopez, "Searchingfor Ancestors," in his Crossing Open Ground (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons,1988), pp. 176-77.24. These and other early Spanish commentators' remarks on Pueblo egalitarianismand reciprocity are discussed in Ramon A. Gutierrez, When Jesus Came,the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico,1500-1846 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991), pp. 8-15.25. Quoted in Lee, Freedom and Culture, p. 13.26. For good introductions to these matters, see James M. Crawford, Studiesin Southeastern Indian Languages (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1975);Charles M. Hudson, The Southeastern Indians (Knoxville: University of TennesseePress, 1976); and J. Leitch Wright, Jr., The Only Land They Knew: The TragicStory of the American Indians of the Old South (New York: Free Press, 1981).27. Wright, The Only Land They Knew, pp. 1-26.28. Ibid., p. 24. See also the excellent discussion in William H. Marquardt,"Politics and Production Among the Calusa of South Florida," in Tim Ingold,David Riches, and James Woodburn, eds., Hunters and Gatherers: History, Evolution,and Social Change (Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1988), Volume One, pp. 161-88.29. Marquardt, "Politics and Production Among the Calusa," p. 165.30. See tables and discussion in Dean R. Snow, The Archaeology of New England(New York: Academic Press, 1980), pp. 31-42. See also, William A. Starna,"Mohawk Iroquois Populations: A Revision," Ethnohistory, 27 (1980), esp. 376-77. On the population of the Atlantic coastal plain, see Dobyns, Their NumberBecome Thinned, p. 41.31. For recent comments on the debate, see Elisabeth Tooker, "The UnitedStates Constitution and the Iroquois League," Ethnohistory, 35 (1988), 305-37;Bruce E. Johansen, "Native American Societies and the Evolution of Democracy inAmerica," Ethnohistory, 37 (1990), 279-90; Rejoinder to Johansen by Tooker,ibid., 291-97; and Bruce E. Johansen and Donald A. Grinde, Jr., "The Debate