Brain Drain - Hochschule der Bundesagentur für Arbeit

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IE Overrepresentation of migrant workers among unskilled manual occupations
Moderate underrepresentation of such workers among clerks; equal share among
managers and professionals, craft and trade workers, along with service workers
IT Strong overrepresentation of migrant workers among semi-skilled and unskilled
manual workers
LU Strong overrepresentation of migrant workers among unskilled manual workers in
industry and construction
Cross-border workers are mostly employed in skilled professional jobs
LV Strong overrepresentation of migrant workers in sectors with a high proportion of
unskilled manual positions: construction and industry
MT Strong overrepresentation of migrant workers among unskilled manual occupations,
but also some overrepresentation among managers and professionals
NO Strong overrepresentation of migrant workers among unskilled manual occupations
PL Overrepresentation of migrant workers in industry, trades and among teachers
RO EU nationals are mostly employed as managers
SE Strong overrepresentation of migrant workers in sectors with a high proportion of
unskilled manual positions: industry, construction, hotels and restaurants, personal
services
SI Strong overrepresentation of migrant workers in sectors with a high proportion of
manual positions: industry and manufacturing
Source: Responses to EWCO national correspondents’ questionnaire, 2008
Empirical data on over-education provide further evidence of the poor occupational
achievement of migrant workers, even among those who are highly qualified. Overeducation
is where workers possess an educational degree or professional
qualification that is of a higher level than that required for the job they hold. Although
this definition is uncontroversial, it is far from clear how to measure the lack of
correlation between formal qualifications and occupational positions – particularly
when the latter refer to credentials acquired in a foreign country whose ‘content’ is
not always clear. Different approaches have been proposed, and it is widely
recognised that they can lead to different substantive conclusions. The national
experts relied mainly on a comparison between the levels of education – for example,
as measured through the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED)
– and occupational position – coded, for instance, on the basis of the International
Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) schema – rather than on the
subjective judgements of respondents.
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