ENTOMOLOGY

114 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYwater, and soil, and seldom pathogenic, was fed by Cao (1906B) to larvmof Mmca domestica, Calliphora 'Vomitoria, Lucilia Cf1?sar and Sarcophagacarnaria and was among :the predominant bacteria recovered from thefeces of the larvre.Bacillm suipestifer Salmon and Smith, often found in cases of FOODPOISONING and SUMMER DIARRHEA, is recorded by Scott (1917)from the house fly, Musca domestica.Bacillus "tifosimile" Cao, a pathogenic organism strongly resemblingB. typhosus, was fed by Cao (1906B) ·to larvm of Musca domestica,Calliphora 'Vomitoria, Luc.ilia C(Esar, and Sarcophaga carnaria and laterdemonstrated in the feces of the larvre as among the predominant forms instrains of differing virulence. From flies caught around the laboratoryhe isolated pathogenic strains adhering to the eggs when deposited.Bacillm tuberculosis Koch, the cause of TUBERCULOSIS, was fo\\ndin four out of six flies caught by Hofmann (1888) in the room of a tuberculosispatient, whose sputum had contained many germs. Flies fedarti6cially with sputum died in a few days. Within twenty-four hours oftheir being fed on the sputum, the tubercle bacilli appeared in theirexcreta. A guinea pig inoculated with the intestines of flies developedtuberculosis. Celli (1888) reports Alessi's experiments of inoculatingthe feces of :flies fed on tubercular sput"um, and causing the developmentof tuberculosis in two rabbits. Spillman and Haushalter (1887) were,however, the 6rst to find the tubercle bacilli in the intestines and feces offlies which had fed on sputum.Bacterium tularense McCoy and Chapin, cause of a fatal RODENTPLAGUE of which a few human cases are on record, may be transmittedby Musca domestica. Wayson (1915) inoculated the crushed bodies offlies fed on the viscera of an animal dead 48 hours and obtained fatalresults in three series of experiments with guinea pigs.Bacillus typhosus Eberth, the cause of TYPHOID FEVER, was:6rst shown by Celli (1888) to be capable of passing through the intestinesand into the feces of flies. Many authors have added proofs of the roleof the fly in the transmission of this disease and these are ably summarizedby Graham-Smith (1913) and Hewitt (1914). Faichnie (1909) provedthat flies could carry this bacillus in their intestines for 16 days. Leding~ham has isolated the bacillus from the intestines of Musca domestica whichhad fed on it in the larval stage, but found that the normal bacilli in thelarval intestines usually prevent its successful survival through metamorphosis.Bacillus 'Vcsiculosus, which is -very frequently found in human excrement,was fo~nd on the body of Musca domestica caught in London byNicoll (1911).Bacillus .xerosis Kutschert and N.ei~ser,a presumably nonpathogenic