ENTOMOLOGY

DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY MITES AND TICKS 405monunguiculoBuB Geber. These three species may all be synonyms ofPediculoideB 'lJentricoBus.A disease known as VANILLISMUS is caused in Europe by mites ofthe family r.ryroglyphidae, AleurobiuB farina,e DeGeer, which is found incorn, TyroglyphuB Biro' Linnaeus, and HiBtiogaster entomophaguBLaboulbime. In this same family are found other mites which causediseases, posing under special names such as COPRA ITCH, caused byTyroglyphus longior ca~teUanii Hirst, in Ceylon; GROCER'S ITCH,caused by GlyciphaguB prwnorum Hermann, in Europe; COOLIE ITCHor GROUND ITCH, caused by Rhizoglyphus paraBiticuB Dalgetty, inIndia.The itch or scab mites belong to the family Sarcoptidae. SCABIESor SARCOPTIC ITCH is caused by a species of the genus Sarcoptes, ofwhich various species are described for the different animal hosts as follows:SarcopteB Bcabiei hominiB Raspail, causing scabies of man inEurope and America, with the variety cruBtoBae FUrstenberg causingNORWEGIAN ITCH of man; S. boviB of cattle (Sarcoptic Scab is comparativelycommon in cattle in the United States, frequently a serIous'disease among bulls and dairy cattle); S. caniB Gerlach of the dog;S. oviB l\:Iegnin of the sheep; S. equi Gerlach of the horse; S. BuiB Gerlachof the pig; S. aucheniae Railliet of the llama; S. dromedarii Gervais ofthe camel and dromedary and frequently of man; S. caprae of the goatand rarely of man; S. leoniB Canestrini of the lion and rarely man;S. 'lJUlpiB Furstenberg of the fox. A similar itc11 is caused by Notoedrescati cati Hering and other varieties which attack felines, rodents, horses,and man. The sarcoptic mites live in burrows in the epidermis. Ointmentscontaining sulphur are the best for these mites.PSOROPTIC ITCH or MANGE is,caused by a species of the genusPsoroptes, of which PBoropteB communiB oviB Hering causes SHEEPSCAB; variety boviB causes TEXAS ITCH of cattle; variety equi causesmange of horses and dogs. T}le psoroptic mites have piercing mandiblesbut do not burrow, although they may be greatly protected by scabformation over them. Among the dips used for the control of this itchare an 8 per cent kerosene emulsion used by Gillette; and the Rutherforddip prepared by steeping 1 pound tobacco and adding thereto 1 pound ofsulphur and 4 gallons of water, to be applied at 6 or 8-day intervals.CHORIOPTIC ITCH in the horse is caused by ChoriopteB equi Gerlach(Bymbiotes Verheyen) which attacks the hocks of the horse andcauses the hair to fall out and sores to form. It also causes an itchof cattle, goats, and sheep. This species has piercing mandibles butdoes not burrow. Accol'ding to Banks a mixture of 1 part carbolicacid to 15 or !O parts of oil will destroy the mite.SCALY LEG of chickens is caused by Cnemidocoptes mutans Robin.