ENTOMOLOGY

DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES ~55A. sinensis pseudopictus Grassi is recorded by Castellani and Chalmersas a carrih in Italy.A. turkhudi chaudoyei Theobald of Algeria is recorded by Castellaniand Chalmers as a carrier.'A. turkhudi myzomyifacies Theobald was taken in nature carryingsporozoites of Plasmodium in Algeria by Sergent and Sergent tHindle).A. 'Vincenti Laveran is recorded by Laveran as a carrier in Tonkin(Castellani and Chalmers).A. willmon James of Tonkin was taken by Mrs. Adie in nature carryingsporozoites of Plasmodium (Hindle).Of the above list we may consider therefore as proven malaria carriersalgerienais, arabiensis, minimUB, turkhudi myzomyifacies, and willmon.III the other cases the evidence is not sufficient.SUB TERTIAN MALARIA.-Caused by Laverania falciparumWelch (1897) (Laverania malaria! Grassi and Feletti 1890). This feveris also called tertian aestivo-autumnal and malignant tertian malaria.Records of transmission have been made for the following mosquitoes:Anopheles albimt1lnUB Wiedemann (albipes Theobald) is the commonestcarrier in Central and Tropical South America. Seventy per cent ofthose fed by Darling (1910) became infected. He traced development tothe sporozoite stage.A, O/IlInulipcs Walker, a common Australian species, has been shownby Kinoshita to carry this organism.A. argyrotarsis Robineau-Desvoidy is regarded as an undoubted carrierby Knab (1918) and Ludlow (1914) in the West Indies and SouthAmerica. Although Darling found zygotes in nature, Hindle questionsthe species of organism.A. barbirostns Van der Wulp of India, Malaysia, and China wasrecorded as carrier by Stephens and Christophers (Hindle).A. costalia Loew was shown by Ross, Annett, and Austen (1900) tocarry this organism in Tropical Africa.A. crucians Wiedemann was definitely proven a carrier in Louisianaby King (1916) who found oocysts and sporozoites in his experimentallyfedmosquitoes. He found 75 per cent of his mosquitoes infected.A. culicifacies Giles was shown by Stephens and Christophers to bethe commonest Indian carrier.A. formosaensis II Tsuzuki was found to be a carrier in Formosa byTsuzuki (190~) who proved the presence of sporozoites.A. fuliginosUB Giles was shown to be the carrier in India by Stephensand Christophers who demonstrated zygotes in the. mosquito.A. fwnestua Giles is an active and important malaria carrier inTropical Africa, its connection with this organism being demonstratedby Daniels.