ENTOMOLOGY

DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES !!51normally carried by the tsetse :flies of the genus Glossina, but Roubaudand Lafont (1914) have obtained experimental transmission with Aedesargenteua (Stegomyia calopus). -Trypanosoma (sens. lat.) noctuae Schaudinn (1904), which may beconfused with Haemoproteus noct'Uae Celli and San Felice, mentionedAbove, passes its schizogony in the owl, Gla'Ucidi'Um noctuae, and itssporogony in the mosquito, Culex pipiens.Trypanosoma (sens. lat.) ziemarvni Schaudinn, anothcr organismbadly confused with T. noctuae and Leucocytozoon danilcwakyi. is recordedfrom Cule.r pipiens fed on the owl, Glaucidium noctuae.A Trypanosoma sp. was recovered by Durham from Aedes argenteua(Stegomyia fasciata) whIch had fed on bats (Phyllostomus sp.), andanother Trypanosoma was recovered from a Culex by Mathis.Mastigophora: Binucleata: LeptomonidaeCrithidia fasciculata Leger (190!) is a parasite of Anopheles maculipenniaMeigen and Culex q'Umque/asciatus (fatigans). Laveran andFranchini (1914) record Leishmania-form bodies, possibly of this species,in mice infected from Anopheles maculipenniB.Leishmania brasiliensis Vianna (1911), the cause of ulcers knownas BOUBA or ORAL LEISHMANIASIS of man in Southern Brazil andNorthern Paraguay, is thought by Brumpt and Pedroso to be carried byTabanidae or Culicidae.Leishmania donovani (Laveran and Mesnil 1903) is the cause ofINDIAN KALA AZAR. It has been proven that the bedbug can carryit, but the normal carrier is unproven. Franchini (1911) fed Anophelesnear claviger Fabricius on cultures of this organism and found that theparasite persisted and developed in the mosquitoes for at least 48 hours.Patton (1907) obtained no results in experiments with Culex quimquefaaciatw(fatigana) , Stegomyia imgens and Anopheles stephensi Liston.Mackie (1915) also failed in his experiments with Culex andAnopheles.Leishmania tropica (Wright 1903) is the cause of ORIENTALSORE of man, which goes undcr various names, and it may really be acomplex species. In investigating Bagdad sore Wenyon (19110.) fedAedes argenteus (Stegomyia fasciata) on sores, and demonstrated in themosquitoes the :flagellate forms of the parasite up to 48 hours, but histransmission experiments failed. He later (1911b) succeeded in gettingthis mosquito to take up the parasites and demonstrated developmentalstages in the gut. No evidence of infection could be found in experimentswith Culex quimquefasciatus (fatigans).Leptomonas algeriense Sergent and Sergent (1906) is parasitic inCulex pipiens and Aedes argentetU (calopus).