ENTOMOLOGY

414 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYDISEASES OF ANIMAL ORIGINProtozoaMastigophora: Bmucleata: Trypa1WsomiaaeSchizotrypanum crUD Chagas, the cause of CHAGAS FEVER, whilenormally transmitted by the kissing bugs of the genus Triatoma, has beenshown by Brumpt to develop in the tick Ornithodoros moubata (Murray)Pocock, and by Neiva (1913) to develop in Rhipicephalus sanguineus(La treille) Koch. .Trypa1Wsoma sp. which is supposed to cause a reptilian disease, iscarried by Amblyomma testudinis (Conil) Neumann.Trypanosoma christophersi Novy is an organism probably nativeto Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) Koch and was originally recoveredfrom ticks fed on dog.Mastigophora: Binucleata: LeptomonidaeSome authors are inclined to separate the genera of tick organismsto form the family Piroplasmidae. These organisms do seem to form arather consistent family which contains the genera Theileria, Nuttallia,Babesia, Piroplasma, Rossiella, and Anaplasma.Anaplasma argentinum, the cause of ARGENTINE ANAPLASMO­SIS of cattle, is carried by Boophilus an'fl.!lilatu8 australis Fuller (microplusCanestrini) (Lignieres 1914).Anaplasma margmaZe Theiler, cause of ANAPLASMOSIS of manyAfrican and Australian animals, is transmitted according to Theiler(1910) by Boophilus a/11/wulatus (decoloratus Koch), and according toCastellani and Chalmers by Rhipicephalus simus Koch.Babesia argentinum, cause of Argentine BABESIASIS OF CATTLE,is carried by Boophilus annvlatus australis Fuller (microplus Canestrini)(Lignieres 1914).Babesia boms Babes (Piroplasma bigeminum Smith and Kilbome),4the cause of TEXAS CATTLE FEVER which is also known as REDWATER, SPLENIC FEVER, SOUTHERN CATTLE FEVER andnnder various other names, is normally transmitted by the cattle tickBoophilus a'1llTVlilatus (Say) Stiles and Hassall in North America. Thefirst proofs of tick transmission were published by Smith and Kilborne(1893). Crawley (1915) believes the organism is pathogenic to thist.ick. The organism may also be transmitted by Boophilus annulatusaustralis Fuller (decoloratu8 Koch) in South America, Cuba, Porto Rico,• Babellia bovill and B. bigeminwm are separated by some authors as two distinctspecies, bovis causing the European disease, nnd bigemi7lum the American.