ENTOMOLOGY

MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIFE HISTORY, HABITS 179extensive destruction of tissues often results in septicaemia or meningitis.Infestation of wounds on the battlefield or even in hospitals is not at allinfrequent, but such cases are much more easily treated than nasal infestations. ..oorThe black blow fly, Phormia regina Meigen, usually infests only oldsuppurating wounds. In livestock it is commonly found following dehorningand has also bt:J'!n proved to be a common source of wool infestationof sheep in the Southwest. In the latter case the soiled wool followinglambing attracts flies and the maggots feed on this for some time butlater may enter the sheep itself and cause its destruction.The green bottle flies, Lucilia sericata Meigen and L. c(J!sar Linnaeus,which are commonly known as the wool maggots in the British Isles,occur throughout the United States. They have been known to infestwounds in man and animals but the main source of trouble has been theinfestation of soiled wool on sheep. The method of attack in wounds issimilar to that of screw-worms, but the tissue destruction is less rapidalthough this depends largely in either case upon the number of larva!present. They are more abundant in towns than in open country.In South and Central America and the West Indies, Chrysomyamacellaria abounds and gives similar troubles to those in the UnitedStates. In Brazil, Sarcophaga lambcns Wiedemann and S. pyophila N.& F. have been reported by Neiva and De Faria to infest wounds. InHawaii Calliphora dux (Thompson) has caused considerable loss byattacking soiled wool !lond scabs on sheep.EURoPE.-=-In Europe the principal trouble from myiasis occurs insouthern Russia. A considerable number of cases occur in the Mediterraneanregion and SODie farther horth in Australia and Germany. Insoutheastern Russia, according to Portchinsky, the vast majority of casesof this tjpe are caused by the flesh fly, Wohlfahrtia magnifica Schiner,which appears to have habits of attack on man and animals very similarto that of the screw-worm fly in America. He speaks of its attack usuallyfollowing wounds on the bodies of cattle, horses, pigs, dogs, and poultry.It also commonly infests the feet of animals suffering from foot-andmouthdisease. The cases in man occur most commonly in the nose, ears,and eyes. The injury is often serious, resulting in deafness, blindness,or facial disfiguration, and not infrequently in death. This fly depositsliving larvre, and infestations in man are usually the result of sleepingoutdoors during the warm part of the day. The fly is most abundantin iields and woods rather than in towns. It is said to breed in livinganimals only, thus differing in ~n important respect from the screwwormfly.While ~!J.is species is not commonly spoken of as a pest in westernEurope, Liitje reports considerable trouble from it in the western war