ENTOMOLOGY

~88 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYPYODERMIA.-Crab louse attack may result in papular eruptionscomplicated by eczematous inflammation.BLEPHARITIS.-Dubieuilh and BeilIe state that when the lice areabundant on the upper eyelids they may cause blepharitis of the ciliaryborders of the lids with a val:'iable amount of pruritus.TOXEMIA.-Payne attributes fevers and headaches to toxic actionof Phthirus. Nuttall has also recorded a rise in bodily ·temperature dueto the attack.MACULAE COERULEAE.-The occurrence of this louse upon thebody is usually indicated by the presence Qf bluish spots on the skin dueeither to a genuine pigmentation according to Oppenheim or a toxicerythema according to Huguenay. Nuttall (1918) gives quite a discussionof the subject.MELANODERMIA.-Nuttall (1918) states that this louse may alsocause a discoloration of the skin amounting almost to blackness andinvolving the mucous membranes and nails.4. Effects of A ttack of Other Lice,Railliet has seen Haematopinus form real subepidermal nests in anold horse.Imes states that biting cattle lice, Trich'odectes scalaris often formcolonies around the base of the tail, over the withers, and on other partsoC the animal, and produce lesions resembling those of scab. Theselesions vary in size from one to five inches in diameter. The skin overthese areas appears to be raised and ringworm may be suspected, butwhen the lesion is manipulated the scarf skin falls off, exposing the licegrouped on the raw tissues beneath. Under such conditions the irritationmay be fully equal to thnt caused by scab.The sucking en ttle lice, Haematopinus eurysternU8 and LinognathU8vituli. act as a contributing cause to increase the death rate amongpoorly nourished cattle of low vitality. Even mature cattle of full vigorwhen very lousy will not gain weight and there is a loss in the productionof meat and milk.Chickens, turkeys, pigeons, and all other poultry as well as wild birds,are abundantly parasitized by biting lice and are seriously injured bythe attack. The tirst symptoms of lice infestation usually are droopiness,lowered wings and ruffled feathers. Diarrhea follows and thechickens often die in a few days. Older fowls may not show ill effectsother than decrease in egg production.