ENTOMOLOGY

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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY MITES AND TICKS 4!t9Theiler, A., 1904.-Journ. Royal Army Med. Corps, vol. 3, pp. 599-6!tO.Theiler, A., 1905.-Trallsvaal Dept. Agr., Rept. Govt. Vet. Bact.,1903-1904.Theiler, A., 1908.-Transvaal Dept. Agr., Rept. Govt. Vet. Bact.,1906-1907.Theiler, A., 1909.-Transvaal Dept. Agr., Rept. Govt. Vet. Bact.,1907-1908.Theiler, A., 1910.-Transvaal Dept. Agr., Rept. Govt. Vet. Bact.,1908-1909.Theiler, A., 1910.-Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., vol. 3, pp. 135-137.Von Prowazek, S., I9i!-1914.-Handbuch der Pathogenen Protozoen.Valladares, J. F., 1914.-Parasitology, vol. 7, No.1, pp. 88-94.Valladares, J. F., 19I5.-Parasitology, vol. 7, pp. 88-94.Wilson, L. B" and Chowning, W. M., 190!.-Journ. Amer. Med. Assoc.,vol. 39, July 19, pp. 131-136.Wolbach, S. ~., 1919.-Journ. Med. Res., Boston, vol. 41, No.1, November,pp. 1-193, plates I-!I.
CHAPTER XXXThe Biologies and Habits of Ticks 1F. C. BiahoppThe importance of ticks as vectors of disease and as simple parasiteshas directed the attention of many workers to this group. Although thesuperfamily Ixodoidea, which comprises the ticks, is comparatively small,the species numbering about 300, the life-histories and habits of thespecies arc quite varied. Many forms exhibit a close correlation betweentheir habits and habits of their hosts. There is often also a marked relationshipbetween seasonal and climatic conditions and the presence andabundance of different species.Knowing the intimate interdependency between ticks, their hosts, andseveral serious diseases of man and animals, and also considering thefact that all important control measures are based upon the life historiesof the species concerned, we cannot too strongly emphasize the needof a thorough knowledge of host relations, distribution, and life historiesof the more important species.Stages in the Life of Ticks.-There are two distinct families comprisingthe ticks. One of these, known a,s the Argasidre, may be recognizedby the absence of any highly chitinized parts, while the other, theIxodidae, is supplied with a definite, highly chitinized scutum or shield (onthe dorsum anteriorly), and highly chitinized legs and other parts.There are usually four distinct stages in the life of all ticks. Theegg, which is more or less oval in shape and usually brown in color, thelarva or six-legged stage, the nymph or second stage (with eight legs),and the adult tick in which the sexes are well defined. In several specieswe have a second or even third nymphal stage. In the Ixodidae the malesand females are usually readily distinguished in the unengorged state.The female has a chitinized shield covering almost the entire dorsal side.In this group of ticks the female is the only one which becomes greatlydistended with blood, and being quite conspicuous when engorged, is theform usually observed by the layman. In practically all the species themales attach and imbibe some blood, but do not become greatly swollen.Habita.-There are certain general habits which are peculiar to thetwo families of ticks. Most species in the family Argasidae remain free1 This lecture was prepared for this edition only.430
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s A N I T A R yENTOMOLOGYTHE ENTOMO
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The house or typhoid fly, Musca dom
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FOREWORDIN May, 1918, a class was f
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CONTENTSNEMATODA OR ROUNDWORMS •
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xiiCIIAPTEUCONTENTSGarbageExcretaCa
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xivCONTENTSCllAPTEBXX. LoUSE BOR.'i
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xviCHAPTERANIMAL ORGANISMS. • •
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xxCONTENTS BY AUTHORSMYIASIS. ITs P
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XXVIPLATI!ILIST OF PLATESXV. PUP.II
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~o SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYlems of munic
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYcentipedes have
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYof action. For i
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26 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYn. WHERE SHOU
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~8 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY3. Can Insect
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30 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYOn the other
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY8. Can the organ
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CHAPTER IIIA General Survey of the
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36 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYopen and buil
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88 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY10. State Boa
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40 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYSanitary insp
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYgrowing against
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44 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYthat disease
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46 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYFIG. l.-Cross
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48 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYby hastily bu
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CHAPTER VRelation of Insects to the
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYswallow the eggs
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RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE PARASITI
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RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE LIFE CYC
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.. RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE PARAS
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RELATiON OF INSECTS TO THE PARASITI
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RELATION OF INS~CTS TO THE PARASITI
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,RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE PARASIT
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CHAPTER VIThe Relations of Climate
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RELATIONS OF CLIMATE AND LIFE 99rio
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RELATIONS OF CLIMATE AND LIFE 101MO
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RELATIONS OF CLIMATE AND LIFEthe bo
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CHAPTER VIIDiseases Borne by Non-Bi
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DISEASES BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIESt
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DISEASES BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIES
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DISEASES " BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIE
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DISEASES~ORNE BY NON-BITING FLIES 1
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PHASES IN THE LIFE HISTORY OF NON-B
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COMMON FLIES AND HOW TO TELL THEM A
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COMMON FLIES AND HOW TQ TELL THEM A
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COMMON FI.IES AND HOW TO TELL THEM
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CHAPTER XThe Control of the House F
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CONTROL OF THE HOUSE F~Y AND RELATE
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CONTROL OF THE HOUSE FLY AXD RELATE
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CONTROL OF THE HOUSE FLY AND RELATE
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•CONTROL OF THE HOUSE FLY AND REL
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CHAPTER XIControl of Flies in Barn
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CONTROL OF FLIES IN BARN YARDS AND
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CONTROL OF FLIES IN BARN YARDS AND
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!CONTROL OF FLIES IN BARN YARDS AND
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CHAPTER XIIMyiasis-..-Types of Inju
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}
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MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIFE HISTO
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MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIFE HIS'l
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MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIF~ HISTO
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l\IYIASIS-TYPES OF INJUR~~IF.E HIST
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::\lYIASIS-ITS PREYENTION AND TREAT
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MYIASIS-ITS PRE\'ENTION AND TREATME
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MYIASIS-ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMEN
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MYIASIS-ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMEN
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CHAPTER XIVDiseases Transmitted by
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DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY BLOODSUCKIN
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DISEASES TRANS~lITTED BY BLOODSUCIH
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DISEASES TRANS~IITTED BY BLOODSUCKI
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CHAPTER XVBiological Notes on the B
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BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSUCKING FL
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BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSDCl{ING F
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BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSUCKI~G FL
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BIOLOGY AND HABITS OF HORSE FLIES 2
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BIOLOGY AND HABITS OF HORSE FLIES !
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BIOLOGY AND HABITS OF HORSE FLIES l
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CHAPTER XVIIDiseases Transmitted by
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DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOESa
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DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES
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DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOE..
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'VHAT WE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MOSQUITO
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WHAT WE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MOSQUITO
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CHAPTER XIXMosquito Control 1W. Dwi
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MOSQUITO CONTROLgro\v on the edge o
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MOSQUITO CONTROL !79squads to thoro
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MOSQUITO CONTROL 281quantity of saw
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MOSQUITO CONTROLundoubtedly some of
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MOSQUITO CONTROLl'l85BIBLIOGRAPHYBr
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 287URTICARIA~-
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES~89II. TRANSl\f
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASEStermined. The a
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 293one of thes
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 295Mastigophor
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 297Haemogregar
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASESHudson, A. C.,
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CHAPTER XXIThe Life History of Huma
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUl\lAN LICE 30
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THE LIFE HISTOHY UF HUMAN LICE 305P
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUMAN LICEhatch
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUMAN LICE 309a
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUMAN LICE 311l
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICEby mixing
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 315themse
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 317let it
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 819bathin
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 321a. For
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THE COXTROL OF HU:\lAN LICEor incre
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 3~534 (19
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICEa. Boil cl
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 3~9Fulton
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DOMESTIC ANIMALS
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DOMESTIC ANIMALSo
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DO}IESTIC ANDIALS
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.LICE WHICH AFFECT DOMESTIC ANLUALS
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DOM£STIC ANIMALS
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 351mice,
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 353trypan
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 855from c
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 357in fou
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 359Porter
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THE'", "IFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF
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THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF FLE
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THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF :FL
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COCKROACHES 875When numerous they c
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COCKROACHES 377abdomen, the tegmina
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Page 396 and 397: CHAPTER XXVIIIThe Bedbug and Other
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Page 408 and 409: CHAPTER XXIXDiseases C~used or Carr
Page 410 and 411: DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY MITES
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Page 436 and 437: THE BIOLOGIES AND HABITS OF TICKS 4
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Page 446 and 447: CONTROL OF TICKS 441tick-infested c
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Page 452 and 453: CONTROL OF TICKS 447horse tick reqU
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Page 456 and 457: FLIES AND LICE IN EGYPT 451there ar
Page 458 and 459: CHAPTER XXXIllInsects in Relation t
Page 460 and 461: INSECTS IN RELATION TO PACKING HOUS
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Page 466 and 467: CHAPTER XXXIVInsect Poisonhg and Mi
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Page 478 and 479: CHAPTER XXXVA Tabulation of Disease
Page 480 and 481: TABULATION OF DISEASES AND INSECT T
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TABULATION OF DISEASES AND INSECT T
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~TABULATION OF DISEASES AND INSECT
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500 INDEXAMphele, sp., boU1IienBis,
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50!e INDEXBinucleata, 117-119, ~1~-
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504 INDEXCrickets, 78Orithidia call
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506 INDEXFebris quintana, 294Fevers
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508 INDEXHead louse (see Pediculus
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510 INDEXLtI'Ucocytozoo'n lavati, p
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512 INDEXNematode, mongoose, 486rod
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.514 INDEXProtomonadina, 117Protoll
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516 INDEXBpiropttJra obtlllla (see
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518 INDEXTrypanoBoma sp., trypanoso
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