ENTOMOLOGY

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BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSUCKING FLIES !35PUPIPARAThe suborder Pupipara is composed of several families of the queerestflies in the order. The insects of the families N ycteribiidae, Streblidaeand Hippoboscidae are all ectoparasites on warm blood vertebrates. Allof the Streblidae and N ycteribiidae of which the life history is known,are parasitic on bats and some of them are quite probably the carriersof bat diseases. In the family Hippoboscidae we find the genera Lynchia,Hippobosca and Ornithomyia, mentioned as carriers of disease, and alsoMelophagus to which belongs M. OvmU8 Linnaeus, the sheep tick. Theflies of the genus Lynchia which carry pigeon malaria, live almostexclusively on pigeons. They deposit larvre in the pigeon houses; theselarvre become puparia in an hour. Hippobosca is composed principallyof species parasitic on mammals, one of which is thought to carry thegall sickness of horses in South Africa. The females deposit larvre whichare incapable of movement. . They slowly darken until the pupariumresembles a seed. Lipoptena cervi is parasitic on deer. MelophagusOvVnU8. which is wingless, lives on sheep, sometimes proving to be aniniportant pest. This insect may be eradicated by giving two thoroughdippings at !4-day intervals in lime-sulphur-arsenic solution or in standardcoal tar-creosote or cresol dips, or nicotin solution (Imes).Outside of the stable fly and sheep tick, control measures for bitingflies are not well worked out. Of course the primary essentials areprotection of the animals from the bites of the flies and prevention ofbreeding.REFERENCESBishopp, F. C., 1913.-The Stable Fly. G. S. Dept. Agric., Farmers' Bull.540. Available for free distribution.Graybill, 1I. W., 1914.-Repellents for Protecting Animals from theAttacks of Flies. U. S. Dept. Agric., Bull. 131.Hindle, Edward, 1914.-Flies in Relation to Disease. Blood-SuckingFlies. Cambridge Dniv. Press.Imes, Marion, I9I7.-The Sheep Tick and Its Eradication by Dipping.U. S. Dept. Agric., Farmers' Bull. 79B. Available for free distribution.Jobbins-Pomeroy, A. W., I9I6.-Notes on Five North American BuffaloGnats of the Genus Simulium. U. S. Dept. Agric., bull. 3!!9.Malloch, J. R., I9I4.-American Black Flies or Buffalo Gnats. U. S.Dept. Agric., Bur. Entom., Tech. Bull. ~6.Marlatt, C. L., I910,-The Horn Fly. U. S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Entom.,Circ. 115.Patton, W. S., and Cragg, ~. W .• 1915.-A Textbook of Medical Entomology.
CHAPTER XVIBiology and Habits of Horse Flies 1J. L. TVebbIn various parts of the United States and in many foreign countrieshorses, cattle, and similar animals sufrer severely from the bloodsucking}labit of the so-called horse flies of the genus Tabanus (plate XIX).PLATE XIX.-Tabanidae attacking cattle: Tabanus phaenops on cow's jaw, and T.punctifcr on top of shoulder. (Bishopp.)The life history and habits of different species may vary greatly. Yetthere are certain conditions common to all species. In general, theflies of this genus arc to be found in or near swampy areas of the country.~ This lecture was read October 7, 1918.236
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s A N I T A R yENTOMOLOGYTHE ENTOMO
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The house or typhoid fly, Musca dom
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FOREWORDIN May, 1918, a class was f
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CONTENTSNEMATODA OR ROUNDWORMS •
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xiiCIIAPTEUCONTENTSGarbageExcretaCa
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xivCONTENTSCllAPTEBXX. LoUSE BOR.'i
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xviCHAPTERANIMAL ORGANISMS. • •
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xxCONTENTS BY AUTHORSMYIASIS. ITs P
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XXVIPLATI!ILIST OF PLATESXV. PUP.II
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~o SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYlems of munic
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYcentipedes have
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYof action. For i
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26 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYn. WHERE SHOU
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~8 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY3. Can Insect
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30 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYOn the other
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY8. Can the organ
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CHAPTER IIIA General Survey of the
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36 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYopen and buil
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88 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY10. State Boa
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40 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYSanitary insp
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYgrowing against
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44 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYthat disease
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46 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYFIG. l.-Cross
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48 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYby hastily bu
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CHAPTER VRelation of Insects to the
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYswallow the eggs
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RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE PARASITI
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RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE LIFE CYC
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.. RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE PARAS
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RELATiON OF INSECTS TO THE PARASITI
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RELATION OF INS~CTS TO THE PARASITI
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,RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE PARASIT
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CHAPTER VIThe Relations of Climate
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RELATIONS OF CLIMATE AND LIFE 99rio
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RELATIONS OF CLIMATE AND LIFE 101MO
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RELATIONS OF CLIMATE AND LIFEthe bo
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CHAPTER VIIDiseases Borne by Non-Bi
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DISEASES BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIESt
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DISEASES BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIES
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DISEASES " BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIE
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DISEASES~ORNE BY NON-BITING FLIES 1
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PHASES IN THE LIFE HISTORY OF NON-B
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COMMON FLIES AND HOW TO TELL THEM A
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COMMON FLIES AND HOW TQ TELL THEM A
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COMMON FI.IES AND HOW TO TELL THEM
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CHAPTER XThe Control of the House F
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CONTROL OF THE HOUSE F~Y AND RELATE
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CONTROL OF THE HOUSE FLY AXD RELATE
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CONTROL OF THE HOUSE FLY AND RELATE
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•CONTROL OF THE HOUSE FLY AND REL
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CHAPTER XIControl of Flies in Barn
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CONTROL OF FLIES IN BARN YARDS AND
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CONTROL OF FLIES IN BARN YARDS AND
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!CONTROL OF FLIES IN BARN YARDS AND
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CHAPTER XIIMyiasis-..-Types of Inju
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}
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MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIFE HISTO
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Page 190 and 191: MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIFE HISTO
Page 196 and 197: MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIFE HIS'l
Page 200 and 201: MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIF~ HISTO
Page 202 and 203: l\IYIASIS-TYPES OF INJUR~~IF.E HIST
Page 206 and 207: ::\lYIASIS-ITS PREYENTION AND TREAT
Page 208 and 209: MYIASIS-ITS PRE\'ENTION AND TREATME
Page 210 and 211: MYIASIS-ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMEN
Page 212 and 213: MYIASIS-ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMEN
Page 214 and 215: CHAPTER XIVDiseases Transmitted by
Page 216 and 217: DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY BLOODSUCKIN
Page 220 and 221: DISEASES TRANS~lITTED BY BLOODSUCIH
Page 226 and 227: DISEASES TRANS~IITTED BY BLOODSUCKI
Page 228 and 229: CHAPTER XVBiological Notes on the B
Page 230 and 231: BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSUCKING FL
Page 232 and 233: BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSDCl{ING F
Page 236 and 237: BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSUCKI~G FL
Page 242 and 243: BIOLOGY AND HABITS OF HORSE FLIES 2
Page 248 and 249: BIOLOGY AND HABITS OF HORSE FLIES !
Page 250 and 251: BIOLOGY AND HABITS OF HORSE FLIES l
Page 252 and 253: CHAPTER XVIIDiseases Transmitted by
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Page 256 and 257: DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES
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Page 272 and 273: 'VHAT WE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MOSQUITO
Page 274 and 275: WHAT WE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MOSQUITO
Page 280 and 281: CHAPTER XIXMosquito Control 1W. Dwi
Page 282 and 283: MOSQUITO CONTROLgro\v on the edge o
Page 284 and 285: MOSQUITO CONTROL !79squads to thoro
Page 286 and 287: MOSQUITO CONTROL 281quantity of saw
Page 288 and 289: MOSQUITO CONTROLundoubtedly some of
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MOSQUITO CONTROLl'l85BIBLIOGRAPHYBr
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 287URTICARIA~-
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES~89II. TRANSl\f
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASEStermined. The a
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 293one of thes
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 295Mastigophor
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 297Haemogregar
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASESHudson, A. C.,
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CHAPTER XXIThe Life History of Huma
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUl\lAN LICE 30
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THE LIFE HISTOHY UF HUMAN LICE 305P
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUMAN LICEhatch
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUMAN LICE 309a
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUMAN LICE 311l
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICEby mixing
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 315themse
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 317let it
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 819bathin
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 321a. For
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THE COXTROL OF HU:\lAN LICEor incre
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 3~534 (19
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICEa. Boil cl
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 3~9Fulton
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DOMESTIC ANIMALS
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DOMESTIC ANIMALSo
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DO}IESTIC ANDIALS
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.LICE WHICH AFFECT DOMESTIC ANLUALS
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DOM£STIC ANIMALS
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 351mice,
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 353trypan
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 855from c
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 357in fou
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 359Porter
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THE'", "IFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF
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THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF FLE
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THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF :FL
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COCKROACHES 875When numerous they c
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COCKROACHES 377abdomen, the tegmina
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COCKROACHES 379the case of Blatta o
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Pyrethrwm PowderCOCKROACHES 381A sa
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CHAPTER XXVIIDiseases Transmitted b
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DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY THE COCKROA
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DISEA~ES TRANSMITTED BY THE COCKROA
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DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY THE COCKROA
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CHAPTER XXVIIIThe Bedbug and Other
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THE BEDBUG AND OTHER BLOODSUCKING B
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THE BEDBUG AND OTHER BLOODSUCKiNG B
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CHAPTER XXIXDiseases C~used or Carr
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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY MITES
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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY lVlIT
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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARR{ED BY MITES
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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY l\HTE
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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY MITE'
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THE BIOLOGIES AND HABITS OF TICKS 4
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TH~ BIOLOGIES AND HABITS OF TICKS 4
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THE BIOLOGIES AND HABITS OF ~{S 439
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CONTROL OF TICKS 441tick-infested c
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CONTROL OF TICKS 443addition of soa
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CONTROL OF TICI{S 445that it is alm
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CONTROL OF TICKS 447horse tick reqU
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CONTROL OF TICKS 449duced and the k
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FLIES AND LICE IN EGYPT 451there ar
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CHAPTER XXXIllInsects in Relation t
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INSECTS IN RELATION TO PACKING HOUS
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INSECTS IN RELATION TO PACKING HOUS
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INSECr_rS IN RELATION TO PACKING HO
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CHAPTER XXXIVInsect Poisonhg and Mi
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INSECT POISONING AND MISCELLANEOUS
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INSECT POISONING AND MISCELLANEUUS
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CHAPTER XXXVA Tabulation of Disease
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TABULATION OF DISEASES AND INSECT T
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~TABULATION OF DISEASES AND INSECT
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500 INDEXAMphele, sp., boU1IienBis,
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50!e INDEXBinucleata, 117-119, ~1~-
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504 INDEXCrickets, 78Orithidia call
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506 INDEXFebris quintana, 294Fevers
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508 INDEXHead louse (see Pediculus
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510 INDEXLtI'Ucocytozoo'n lavati, p
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512 INDEXNematode, mongoose, 486rod
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.514 INDEXProtomonadina, 117Protoll
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516 INDEXBpiropttJra obtlllla (see
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518 INDEXTrypanoBoma sp., trypanoso
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ENTOMOLOGY

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