ENTOMOLOGY

DISEASES BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIES 115organism, usually fou"nd in the eyes, and often associated with conjunctivitis,was isolated by Torrey (1911e) on the surface of city caught flies.Thallophyta: Fungi: Schizomycetes: 8pirillaceae8pirillum (Vibrio) cholem Koch, the cause of ASIATIC CHOLERA,may be carried by flies. The connection of flies with the prevalence ofcholera was first noted by Nicholas (1873). Maddox (1885) first performedexperiments with Calliphora vomitoria Linnaeus and Er-istalistenax Linnaeus as well as other insects and determined microscopicallythe presence of the motile cholera vibrios in the feces. Tizzoni andCattoni (1886) caught flies in cholera wards and after several hoursobtained characteristic cultures of the organism: Many other authors, asSawtchenko (189!), Simmonds (189!), UfFelmann (189!), Macrae(1894), have furnished proofs of fly dissemination of the cholera vibrio, asummary of which can be found in the books by Graham-Smith andHewitt.SUMMARY OF PLANT ORGANISl\ISA brief survey of the data presented above will perhaps help to imprintthe gravity of the fly menace on all who read this. Sixty-three minuteplant organisms have been shown to be transmissible by domestic flies.Forty-four of these organisms have been found on or in flies caught incities or buildings, in other words, were naturally carried by so-called"wild flies." Among these forty-four organisms naturally carried by flieswere several normal inhabitants of milk, also various normal inhabitantsof the human and of animal intestines, which could only be taken up fromexcrement. Some of these organisms are taken from eyes, some from"'putum, some from decaying vegetable matter, others from dairy products.The fly containing such organisms betrays its habits. We find theorganisms of conjunctivitis, infantile diarrhea, sour milk, gas gangrene,(-" l~"'ritis, guinea pig septicaemia, leprosy, paratyphoid A, and paratypl