ENTOMOLOGY

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BIOLOGY AND HABITS OF HORSE FLIES l!45for the spread of disease, if there are diseased animals in the herd. Thi~habit of bunching up under fly attack applies also to cattle, where theattack is severe.I have never succeeded in obtaining any data on the number of bloodmeals a female will take. Mitzmain states that in the Philippines femalesof TabM11U8 striatus bite not oftener than once iIi ! days.CONCERNING CONTROL MEASURESNo universal remedy, or control measure, for horse flies can be given,owing to the diverse habits of the different species. In all cases, someknowledge of the life histories and habits of the species involved isnecessary before anyone can intelligently set in motion control measures,and I may say here that the life histories of very few species of Tabanusare now known.In some cases drainage of the larval habitat would undoubtedly bea good control measure. But the degree of drought resistance of thespecies in question should be ascertained before placing reliance uponthis method of control.In Russia a species of Tabanus has the habit, in the adult form, offlying to water and dipping the abdomen. Porchinski, the Russianentomologist, advocates the oiling of the surface of the water as a controlfor this species. It appears that Porchinski has used this methodwith good results. He applied the equivalent of a half pint of kerosene tosix square feet of water surface. If this was not sufficient to do the work,a like amount was used the next morning. It must be borne in mind,however, that not all species of Tabanus have this dipping habit, and thatin order to make the measure effective, the water would have to be comparativelystill, as otherwise the oil would soon pass off with the current.Occasionally the importation of egg parasites may be an effectivecontrol measure. At the present time, Tabanus punctifer in the AntelopeValley, Mono County, California, is apparently largely controlled by anunidentified hymenopterous egg parasite.Hine mentions the fact that in confinement small catfish eat the larvreof Tabanus stygius. It is possible that the stocking with catfish ofstreams inhabited with Tabanus larvre might have good results.In the way of protection of animals from the attacks of adult flies,various devices h""ve been tried, such as nets, hoods, etc. In the SierraNevada Mountains, I found in one locality, a very useful horse hood inuse to ward oft' the attack of Taba'fI/US phaenops. This species attacksmost viciously about the head and neck of horses. The hood is a simplearrangement made of light canvas to slip over the head and neck, witheye and breathing holes at the proper places.
~46 SANITARY <strong>ENTOMOLOGY</strong>Various repellents, mostly of an oily nature, have been tried as sprays,by different investigators, but none of these has proven very satisfactoryas the effect is not lasting.BIBLIOGRAPHYHine, J. S., 1905.-Tabanidae of Ohio with a Catalogue and Bibliographyof the Species from America North of Mexico. Ohio State UniversityDept. Zool. and Ent., spec. paper, No.5. 57 pp.Hine, J. S., 1904.-Tabanidae of the Western United States and Canada.Ohio State University, Contrib. Dept. Zool. and Ent., No. ~1, pp.~17-~48.King, H. H., 1908.-Third Report of the Welcome Research Laboratories,Gordon Memorial College, Khartoum.King, H. H., 1911.-Some Observations on the Bionomics of Tabal1l:U8ditaeniatw Macquart, and TabQl1l,w kingi Austen. Bull. Ent. Research,vol. 1, pp. fl65-fl74, fig. 7.Mitzmain, M. B., 19I5.-The Biology of Taban'U,s striatu8 Fab., theHorse Fly of the Philippines. Philippine Journ. Sci., vol. 8 B, pp.197-~~fl.Neave, S. A., 1915.-The Tabanidae of Southern Nyasaland with Noteson Their Life Histories. Bull. Ent. Res., vol. 5, pp. ~87-3~O.
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s A N I T A R yENTOMOLOGYTHE ENTOMO
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The house or typhoid fly, Musca dom
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FOREWORDIN May, 1918, a class was f
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CONTENTSNEMATODA OR ROUNDWORMS •
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xiiCIIAPTEUCONTENTSGarbageExcretaCa
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xivCONTENTSCllAPTEBXX. LoUSE BOR.'i
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xviCHAPTERANIMAL ORGANISMS. • •
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xxCONTENTS BY AUTHORSMYIASIS. ITs P
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XXVIPLATI!ILIST OF PLATESXV. PUP.II
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~o SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYlems of munic
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYcentipedes have
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYof action. For i
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26 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYn. WHERE SHOU
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~8 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY3. Can Insect
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30 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYOn the other
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY8. Can the organ
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CHAPTER IIIA General Survey of the
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36 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYopen and buil
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88 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGY10. State Boa
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40 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYSanitary insp
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYgrowing against
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44 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYthat disease
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46 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYFIG. l.-Cross
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48 SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYby hastily bu
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CHAPTER VRelation of Insects to the
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SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYswallow the eggs
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RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE PARASITI
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RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE LIFE CYC
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.. RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE PARAS
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RELATiON OF INSECTS TO THE PARASITI
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RELATION OF INS~CTS TO THE PARASITI
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,RELATION OF INSECTS TO THE PARASIT
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CHAPTER VIThe Relations of Climate
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RELATIONS OF CLIMATE AND LIFE 99rio
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RELATIONS OF CLIMATE AND LIFE 101MO
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RELATIONS OF CLIMATE AND LIFEthe bo
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CHAPTER VIIDiseases Borne by Non-Bi
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DISEASES BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIESt
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DISEASES BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIES
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DISEASES " BORNE BY NON-BITING FLIE
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DISEASES~ORNE BY NON-BITING FLIES 1
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PHASES IN THE LIFE HISTORY OF NON-B
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COMMON FLIES AND HOW TO TELL THEM A
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COMMON FLIES AND HOW TQ TELL THEM A
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COMMON FI.IES AND HOW TO TELL THEM
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CHAPTER XThe Control of the House F
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CONTROL OF THE HOUSE F~Y AND RELATE
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CONTROL OF THE HOUSE FLY AXD RELATE
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CONTROL OF THE HOUSE FLY AND RELATE
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•CONTROL OF THE HOUSE FLY AND REL
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CHAPTER XIControl of Flies in Barn
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CONTROL OF FLIES IN BARN YARDS AND
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CONTROL OF FLIES IN BARN YARDS AND
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!CONTROL OF FLIES IN BARN YARDS AND
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CHAPTER XIIMyiasis-..-Types of Inju
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}
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MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIFE HISTO
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MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIFE HIS'l
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Page 200 and 201: MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIF~ HISTO
Page 202 and 203: l\IYIASIS-TYPES OF INJUR~~IF.E HIST
Page 204 and 205: MYIASIS-TYPES OF INJURY, LIFE HISTO
Page 206 and 207: ::\lYIASIS-ITS PREYENTION AND TREAT
Page 208 and 209: MYIASIS-ITS PRE\'ENTION AND TREATME
Page 210 and 211: MYIASIS-ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMEN
Page 212 and 213: MYIASIS-ITS PREVENTION AND TREATMEN
Page 214 and 215: CHAPTER XIVDiseases Transmitted by
Page 216 and 217: DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY BLOODSUCKIN
Page 220 and 221: DISEASES TRANS~lITTED BY BLOODSUCIH
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Page 228 and 229: CHAPTER XVBiological Notes on the B
Page 230 and 231: BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSUCKING FL
Page 232 and 233: BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSDCl{ING F
Page 236 and 237: BIOLOGICAL NOTES ON BLOODSUCKI~G FL
Page 242 and 243: BIOLOGY AND HABITS OF HORSE FLIES 2
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Page 252 and 253: CHAPTER XVIIDiseases Transmitted by
Page 254 and 255: DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOESa
Page 256 and 257: DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES
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Page 272 and 273: 'VHAT WE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MOSQUITO
Page 274 and 275: WHAT WE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MOSQUITO
Page 280 and 281: CHAPTER XIXMosquito Control 1W. Dwi
Page 282 and 283: MOSQUITO CONTROLgro\v on the edge o
Page 284 and 285: MOSQUITO CONTROL !79squads to thoro
Page 286 and 287: MOSQUITO CONTROL 281quantity of saw
Page 288 and 289: MOSQUITO CONTROLundoubtedly some of
Page 290 and 291: MOSQUITO CONTROLl'l85BIBLIOGRAPHYBr
Page 292 and 293: LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 287URTICARIA~-
Page 294 and 295: LOUSE BORNE DISEASES~89II. TRANSl\f
Page 296 and 297: LOUSE BORNE DISEASEStermined. The a
Page 298 and 299: LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 293one of thes
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 295Mastigophor
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASES 297Haemogregar
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LOUSE BORNE DISEASESHudson, A. C.,
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CHAPTER XXIThe Life History of Huma
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUl\lAN LICE 30
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THE LIFE HISTOHY UF HUMAN LICE 305P
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUMAN LICEhatch
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUMAN LICE 309a
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THE LIFE HISTORY OF HUMAN LICE 311l
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICEby mixing
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 315themse
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 317let it
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 819bathin
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 321a. For
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THE COXTROL OF HU:\lAN LICEor incre
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 3~534 (19
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICEa. Boil cl
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THE CONTROL OF HUMAN LICE 3~9Fulton
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DOMESTIC ANIMALS
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DOMESTIC ANIMALSo
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DO}IESTIC ANDIALS
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.LICE WHICH AFFECT DOMESTIC ANLUALS
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LICE WHICH AFFECT DOM£STIC ANIMALS
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 351mice,
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 353trypan
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 855from c
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 357in fou
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DISEASES CARRIED BY FLEAS 359Porter
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THE'", "IFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF
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THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF FLE
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THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF :FL
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COCKROACHES 875When numerous they c
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COCKROACHES 377abdomen, the tegmina
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COCKROACHES 379the case of Blatta o
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Pyrethrwm PowderCOCKROACHES 381A sa
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CHAPTER XXVIIDiseases Transmitted b
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DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY THE COCKROA
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DISEA~ES TRANSMITTED BY THE COCKROA
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DISEASES TRANSMITTED BY THE COCKROA
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CHAPTER XXVIIIThe Bedbug and Other
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THE BEDBUG AND OTHER BLOODSUCKING B
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THE BEDBUG AND OTHER BLOODSUCKiNG B
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CHAPTER XXIXDiseases C~used or Carr
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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY MITES
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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY lVlIT
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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARR{ED BY MITES
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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY l\HTE
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DISEASES CAUSED OR CARRIED BY MITE'
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THE BIOLOGIES AND HABITS OF TICKS 4
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TH~ BIOLOGIES AND HABITS OF TICKS 4
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THE BIOLOGIES AND HABITS OF ~{S 439
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CONTROL OF TICKS 441tick-infested c
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CONTROL OF TICKS 443addition of soa
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CONTROL OF TICI{S 445that it is alm
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CONTROL OF TICKS 447horse tick reqU
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CONTROL OF TICKS 449duced and the k
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FLIES AND LICE IN EGYPT 451there ar
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CHAPTER XXXIllInsects in Relation t
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INSECTS IN RELATION TO PACKING HOUS
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INSECTS IN RELATION TO PACKING HOUS
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INSECr_rS IN RELATION TO PACKING HO
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CHAPTER XXXIVInsect Poisonhg and Mi
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INSECT POISONING AND MISCELLANEOUS
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INSECT POISONING AND MISCELLANEUUS
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CHAPTER XXXVA Tabulation of Disease
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TABULATION OF DISEASES AND INSECT T
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~TABULATION OF DISEASES AND INSECT
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500 INDEXAMphele, sp., boU1IienBis,
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50!e INDEXBinucleata, 117-119, ~1~-
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504 INDEXCrickets, 78Orithidia call
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506 INDEXFebris quintana, 294Fevers
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508 INDEXHead louse (see Pediculus
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510 INDEXLtI'Ucocytozoo'n lavati, p
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512 INDEXNematode, mongoose, 486rod
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.514 INDEXProtomonadina, 117Protoll
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516 INDEXBpiropttJra obtlllla (see
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518 INDEXTrypanoBoma sp., trypanoso
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