ENTOMOLOGY

194~~SANITARY ENTOMOLOGYfonn in this group. The fly deposits living larvle on the nose of thesqeep and the young maggots work upward through the nasal passage,later ente~ the head sinuses. The maggots are quite spiny and hencemust produce much irritation .. They appear to subsist upon the mucoussecretions of the head cavity. Several months are passed in the hostand the larvle drop out and pupate in protected places on the ground,producing flies a few weeks later.I know of no record 0'£ the attack of man by this species in theUnited States, but in other countries it frequently attacks the eyes,nose, mouth, and ears. The fly deposits the l~rvle so quickly that thereis little opportunity to protect one's self. The most serious symptomsdevelop from infestation of the eye where larvle produce severe conjunctivitisand in some cases, if not promptly removed, cause the loss ofsight.In this country the Cervidae (deer, elk, etc.) are attacked by Oestridsof the genus Cephenomyia (C. pratti Hunter, and C. phobifer Clark).The larvre of these flies are found in the head passages, pharynx, andeven in the lungs. ..EURoPE.-The sheep head bot has a wide distribution in Europeand is responsible for loss among sheep and infestation of man as abovedescribed.Probably the most important species in this group is Rhinoest1"U8purpureus Brauer, which is a very common parasite of the horse inRussia, Hungary, and' Italy. This fonn is also responsible for casesof myiasis in the eyes of man, the attack apparently being similar to thatof Oestrus ovis. Horses are infested by the flies which deposit larvlein the nose or eyes. They are much annoyed by the deposition of theinsect and the larvle give rise to fits and other symptoms, mistaken forstrangles, sometimes resulting in death. The species is also known toattack the zebra. Cases of the occurrence of this species in the eyes ofman have been reported from Jerusalem, and are nol infrequent insouthern Russia.The reindeer in Europe are subject to the attack of Cephenomyiatrompe Linnaeus in a way similar to the infestation of sheep by Oestrusovis. Nativig reports the finding of as many as 100 lan-Ie in the nasalcavity and larynx of a young reindeer.AFRICA.-In Algiers, especially, Oestrus ovis is very destructive tosheep and many