ENTOMOLOGY

230 SANI TAR Y ENTOMOL OGYStable FliesStomoxys is a genus found principally in Asia and Africa, althoughS. calcitrans Linnaeus, the well-known biting stable fly, is almost worldwidein its distribution (figs. 44-46, plate XVI). This species is capableof carrying rodent plague, anthrax, septicaemia, nagana, souma, dourine,urra, baleri, and Gambian sleeping sickness, and has been connected byScott with the ·transmission of equine infectious anemia and seriouslysuspected as a possible carrier of poliomyelitis and pellagra.A very complete bulletin by Bishopp is available for free distribution,describing the life history and control of the stable fly, so that it is notFro. 44 (left).- Eggs of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcit1'ans) attached to a straw.Greatly enlarged. (A fter Bishopp.)FIG. 45 (center).-The stable fly: Larva or maggot. Greatly enlarged. (AfterBishopp.)FIG. 46 (righl:).-The stable fly: Adult female, side view, engorged with blood. Greatlyenlarged. (After Bishopp.) From U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bull. 540, fi~.I, ~, 5.necessary to give a full discussion in this lecture. It generally breeds inmoist straw and hay. Stacked straw which has been wet and partlyrotted and hence is no longer available for stock food is a very favorablep lace for the fly to breed. Such straw should be dried as soon as possibleby scattering, and then either be burned or plowed under. The stablefly does not often develop in manure, but where it does it may be controlledby measures taken against the house fly. This species is veryannoying to mules, horses, and cattle and often to man. Horses and mulesoften become frantic in their efforts to escape the flies.As much care should be taken to prevent the breeding of the stablefly as the house fly. They are carriers of entirely different series ofdiseases and both are dangerous. Especial care must be observed to