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104 Manual of basic techniques for a health laboratory
4. Parasitology 1054.Parasitology4.1 IntroductionA parasite is an organism that lives in or on another living organism of a differentspecies. The organism from which the parasite takes its food is called the host. Aparasite such as a tick that lives on its host is called an ectoparasite. A parasite thatlives in its host, such as a hookworm or an amoeba, is called an endoparasite.Many diseases are caused by infection with parasites. They are an important causeof diarrhoea (see Table 4.1), which is a major health problem in developingcountries.If acute diarrhoea is caused by parasitic infection, this can be determined byexamination of a stool specimen.Table 4.1 Common causes of diarrhoeal diseaseType of causeInfectiousProtozoaBacteriaVirusesHelminthsNon-infectiousMalabsorption syndromesIntoxicationsInborn errors of metabolismMetabolic disordersSpecific causeAmoebaeGiardia spp.Balantidium coliIsospora belliCryptosporidium spp.Plasmodium spp.Salmonella spp.Shigella spp.Escherichia coliVibrio choleraeStaphylococcus spp.Campylobacter spp.RotavirusesFasciolopsis spp.Strongyloides stercoralisTrichuris trichiuraHymenolepis nanaHeterophyes heterophyesTropical sprueCrohn diseaseWhipple diseaseFood poisoningChemicalsDrugsCarbohydrate intoleranceGluten enteropathyAdrenal disease105
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M A N U A LO F B A S I CTECHNIQUESF
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ContentsiManualofbasic techniques f
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ContentsiiiContentsPrefacex1. Intro
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viManual of basic techniques for a
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viiiManual of basic techniques for
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xManual of basic techniques for a h
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7. Examination of urine 231Part III
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7. Examination of urine 2337. Exami
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7. Examination of urine 2357.2.3 Me
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7. Examination of urine 237Table 7.
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7. Examination of urine 239The anal
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7. Examination of urine 241MethodCo
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7. Examination of urine 243Table 7.
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7. Examination of urine 245Fig. 7.2
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7. Examination of urine 2497.2.8 De
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7. Examination of urine 251Reuse of
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8. Examination of cerebrospinal flu
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9. Haematology 2659. HaematologyHae
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9. Haematology 2679.2 Collection of
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9. Haematology 269Fig. 9.13 Feeling
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9. Haematology 2719.3 Estimation of
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9. Haematology 273Table 9.2 Sample
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9. Haematology 275Fig. 9.25 Checkin
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9. Haematology 277Calibration of th
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9. Haematology 279Errors in haemogl
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9. Haematology 281Fig. 9.28 Micro s
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9. Haematology 283Fig. 9.34 Centrif
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9. Haematology 285concentration is
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9. Haematology 287Measurement techn
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9. Haematology 289●●●Graduate
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9. Haematology 2911 litre, so multi
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9. Haematology 293Fig. 9.45 Materia
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9. Haematology 295Very high ESR val
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9. Haematology 2979.9 Observation o
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9. Haematology 2999.10 Preparation
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9. Haematology 301Fig. 9.64 Making
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9. Haematology 303Drying the filmAd
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9. Haematology 3054. Examine the co
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9. Haematology 307Fig. 9.77 Normal
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9. Haematology 309Fig. 9.85 Anisocy
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9. Haematology 311Fig. 9.92 Polymor
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9. Haematology 313Immature granuloc
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9. Haematology 315Fig. 9.104 Mixing
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9. Haematology 317Fig. 9.108 Prepar
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9. Haematology 319Heinz bodiesHeinz
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9. Haematology 3219.14 Determinatio
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10. Blood chemistry 323Fig. 10.1 De
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10. Blood chemistry 325Table 10.1 B
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10. Blood chemistry 32710.2.4 Resul
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11. Immunological and serological t
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Annex. Reagents and their preparati
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IndexNote: Page numbers in bold ref
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Index 371Centrifuges 32, 69-72, 69-
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Index 373Endolimax nanus 114, 114,
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Index 375Hyaline casts, urine 243,
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Index 377Microhaematocrit equipment
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Index 379Protozoablood 173-194, 178
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Index 381Smears (continued)preparat
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Index 383Thiomersal-iodine-formalde
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