Manual of basic techniques for a health laboratory - libdoc.who.int

Index 377Microhaematocrit equipment 37Micrometers, ocular 63, 63–64Micropipettes 38–39, 74, 74–75Microscopes 32, 38, 53–57, 53–66,59–63, 65adjustment system 57, 57–58cleaning 64–65, 65focusing 61, 62–63illumination system 56–57, 56–57, 59,59maintenance 64–66, 65mirrors 56, 56, 60, 60precautions 65–66setting up 58–61, 59–61slides 37, 79–80, 80Microscopic examinationacid-fast bacilli 203Bacillus anthracis 204, 204, 220body cavity fluid 219–220Corynebacterium diphtheriae 202CSF 257–261, 258–261fungi 226, 226, 227, 229, 229gonorrhoea 208, 209–210Gram-stained organisms 200–201,200–201, 253Leishmania spp. 195–196, 196leukocyte type number fraction319–320malaria parasites 178, 178–182microfilariae in blood 164, 166–167,166–172, 169, 171–172microfilariae, Onchocerca volvulus162–163, 162–163mycetoma pus specimens 227Mycobacterium leprae 223, 223–224pityriasis versicolor 229, 229protozoa cysts 124, 124–125reticulocyte numbers 317, 317–318semen specimens 212–214, 212–215sickle-cell anaemia 315, 315–316sputum/throat specimens 206stool specimens 107–109, 108–109syphilis treponemes 211, 211thin blood films 305–314, 306–314thrombocyte number concentration321Trypanosoma spp. 185–187, 185–188urine 241–248, 241–248, 250–253,251–254vaginal discharge specimens 215watery stools 216, 217Yersinia pestis 204Moledefinition 3substance concentration 5Molecular weight 3Monocytes 311–312, 312Morphological index, Mycobacteriumleprae 224Mortars/pestles 35Motile forms (see also Trophozoites)protozoa 111–117, 111–118Motility, spermatozoa 214Mott cells 259, 260Mycetoma, pus examination 226–227Mycobacteriumleprae 202, 220–224, 221–223tuberculosis 197, 206Mycology (see also Fungi) 225–229, 226,228–229Myelofibrosis 309Myeloma 237, 312Nail specimens, dispatch 93Nasal specimens, leprosy 220, 222,223–224, 223Necator americanus (hookworm)adults 148, 150eggs 126, 128, 140, 140, 152larvae 157, 158Needlesdisposable 36reusable 81, 81, 87, 87Neisseria meningitidis 260, 260, 264Neonates (see also Children; Infants)erythrocyte number concentration287erythrocyte volume fraction 284immune system 328leukocyte number concentration 291leukocyte type number fraction 320normal haemoglobin 275Nephelometry, immunology 335Nephrotic syndrome 247Neubauer counting chambers 259, 288,288–291, 290Neutral red 361Neutropenia 320Neutrophilia 320Neutrophils, polymorphonuclear310–311, 311, 313, 313New glassware, cleaning 77Nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) batteries15Normoblasts, see Nucleated erythrocytesNucleated erythrocytes 292, 310, 310Number concentrations 5–7erythrocytes 265, 284, 287–288leukocytes 265, 285, 288–290,288–292leukocytes in CSF 258–259, 258–259reticulocytes 316–319thrombocytes 266, 321Number fractions 5–6leukocyte type 6, 259, 319, 319–321reticulocyte 6, 316–319, 317Occult blood, stools 157–159, 159Ocular micrometers 63, 63–64Oil droplets, identification 145, 145Onchocerca volvulus 160–163, 161–163,165, 249Oocysts, Cryptosporidium spp. 123–124,124