Manual of basic techniques for a health laboratory - libdoc.who.int

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58 Manual of basic techniques for a health laboratoryCondenser adjustment screwThis is used to raise the condenser for greater illumination or to lower it to reducethe illumination.Condenser centring screwsThere may be three screws placed around the condenser: one in front, one on theleft and one on the right. They are used to centre the condenser exactly in relationto the objective.Iris diaphragm leverThis is a small lever fixed to the condenser. It can be moved to close or open thediaphragm, thus reducing or increasing both the angle and the intensity of thelight.Mechanical stage controlsThese are used to move the object slide on the stage: one screw moves it backwardsand forwards and the other screw moves it to the left or right (see Fig. 3.11).3.1.2 Setting up the microscopeWhen a new microscope is received in the laboratory, it is important to know howto set it up correctly.Positioning the microscopePlace it on a firm level bench (check with a spirit level) of adequate size but not toohigh. The microscope must be placed in the shade away from the window. Place asquare felt pad under the microscope. If no felt is available, use a piece of heavycloth.Setting up a lamp for the microscopeIf the microscope has a mirror, you can make a lamp to provide illumination. Aporcelain holder for a light bulb is fixed on a wooden base and the whole is encasedin a wooden or tin box with an opening for the light (Fig. 3.12). Cut slits in the topof the box to enable the bulb to cool.Alternatively, a flap can be fitted above the opening to serve as a shutter (Fig. 3.13).Use a 100W opaque electric bulb of the “daylight” type (blue–white).Fitting the accessoriesScrew the objectives into the revolving nosepiece, following this order in a clockwisedirection:— ¥ 3, ¥ 5 or ¥ 10 objective;— ¥ 40 objective;— ¥ 100 oil-immersion objective.The screw threads are standard. After you have screwed in the objectives:● Put the eyepiece(s) in place.● Fix the condenser under the stage.● Fix the mirror on the foot.
3. General laboratory procedures 59Fig. 3.12 Setting up a lamp for the microscopeFig. 3.13 Alternative light source for the microscopePositioning the lampIf electric illumination is to be used, place the lamp 20cm in front of the microscopefacing the mirror. Adjust the position of the lamp so that it shines on thecentre of the mirror (Fig. 3.14).Fig. 3.14 Positioning the light source
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M A N U A LO F B A S I CTECHNIQUESF
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ContentsiManualofbasic techniques f
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ContentsiiiContentsPrefacex1. Intro
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viiiManual of basic techniques for
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7. Examination of urine 231Part III
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7. Examination of urine 2337. Exami
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7. Examination of urine 2357.2.3 Me
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7. Examination of urine 237Table 7.
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7. Examination of urine 239The anal
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7. Examination of urine 241MethodCo
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7. Examination of urine 243Table 7.
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7. Examination of urine 245Fig. 7.2
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7. Examination of urine 2497.2.8 De
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7. Examination of urine 251Reuse of
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8. Examination of cerebrospinal flu
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9. Haematology 2659. HaematologyHae
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9. Haematology 2679.2 Collection of
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9. Haematology 269Fig. 9.13 Feeling
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9. Haematology 2719.3 Estimation of
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9. Haematology 273Table 9.2 Sample
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9. Haematology 275Fig. 9.25 Checkin
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9. Haematology 277Calibration of th
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9. Haematology 279Errors in haemogl
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9. Haematology 281Fig. 9.28 Micro s
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9. Haematology 283Fig. 9.34 Centrif
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9. Haematology 285concentration is
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9. Haematology 287Measurement techn
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9. Haematology 289●●●Graduate
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9. Haematology 2911 litre, so multi
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9. Haematology 293Fig. 9.45 Materia
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9. Haematology 295Very high ESR val
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9. Haematology 2979.9 Observation o
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9. Haematology 2999.10 Preparation
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9. Haematology 301Fig. 9.64 Making
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9. Haematology 303Drying the filmAd
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9. Haematology 3054. Examine the co
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9. Haematology 307Fig. 9.77 Normal
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9. Haematology 309Fig. 9.85 Anisocy
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9. Haematology 311Fig. 9.92 Polymor
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9. Haematology 313Immature granuloc
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9. Haematology 315Fig. 9.104 Mixing
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9. Haematology 317Fig. 9.108 Prepar
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9. Haematology 319Heinz bodiesHeinz
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9. Haematology 3219.14 Determinatio
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10. Blood chemistry 323Fig. 10.1 De
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10. Blood chemistry 325Table 10.1 B
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10. Blood chemistry 32710.2.4 Resul
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11. Immunological and serological t
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Annex. Reagents and their preparati
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IndexNote: Page numbers in bold ref
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Index 371Centrifuges 32, 69-72, 69-
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Index 373Endolimax nanus 114, 114,
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Index 375Hyaline casts, urine 243,
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Index 377Microhaematocrit equipment
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Index 379Protozoablood 173-194, 178
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Index 381Smears (continued)preparat
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Index 383Thiomersal-iodine-formalde
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