Manual of basic techniques for a health laboratory - libdoc.who.int

Index 373Endolimax nanus 114, 114, 120, 120Endothrix 226, 226Entamoebacoli 113, 113–114, 118, 120hartmanni 114, 114, 120, 120histolytica 106, 113, 113–114, 118,120Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) 106adults 146, 147eggs 126, 128, 135–137, 135–137Enzyme immunoassay 331, 331Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) 331, 341–342, 343–344Eosinophils, polymorphonuclear 310,311, 311Eosin solution 117–118, 356Epithelial casts, urine 243, 244Equipment 1–2centrifuges 70–73, 70–73cleaning 77–90, 78–82electrical 15–20, 16–19first-aid 98laboratory 32–46, 34–35, 39–44water demineralizers 27–29, 28–29Erlenmeyer flasks 34, 36–37, 45Erythrocytes 265, 265, 306, 307abnormal 306–310, 306–310Cabot ring bodies 309, 310CSF 257–258haemoglobin relationship 284–285immature (reticulocytes) 316–319,318malaria infected 179measurement 6–7nucleated 292, 310, 310number concentration 6, 265, 284,287–288sedimentation rate (ESR) 292–295,293–294sickle-cell anaemia 314–316, 315thin blood films 305–310, 306–310urine 240, 241, 241–242volume fraction 6, 279–287, 280–283,286–287ESR, see Erythrocytes, sedimentationrateEstimation, see CalculationEvaporating dishes 34, 37Expiry dates, reagents 46Extension leads, electrical 19, 19Exudates, examination 218–220Eyepieces, microscopes 56, 61, 61Eyesacid/alkali splashes in 99, 99, 100filarial infection 160Facial lesions, leprosy 221–223, 222Faeces, see StoolsFailure, electrical equipment 17–20False casts, urine 244, 244False positives/negatives, smearstaining 201Fasciola spp. 106, 128, 138, 138Fasciolopsis buski 106, 128, 138, 138Fatty casts, urine 243, 244Female patients, urogenitalspecimens 208, 209, 215Fibrinogen, deficiency 298Field stains 356–357faecal trophozoites 117malaria parasites 177–178thin blood films 299, 304, 304–305Filariae 159–172, 162–163blood infection 163–172, 166–167,171–172geographical distribution 160, 165,172skin infection 160–163, 161–163Filariasis, see FilariaeFilms (see also Slide preparation)thick blood 173–182, 175, 187, 187,193–194, 193–194thin blood 173–179, 175–176,178–181, 299–314, 300–304,306–314Filter funnels 34Filtersmicroscopes 57water 24, 24Filtration, parasite detection 168–170,169, 250–251, 250–251Fire risk, electricity 17First aid 98–101, 99Fish tapeworm (Diphyllobothriumlatum) 106, 152eggs 128, 134, 134Fixationbiopsy specimens 95–96smears 197, 199, 199Fixatives 95, 362–363, 368Flagellatescysts 121, 121, 123motile forms 111, 115–116, 115–116pathogenicity 111Flaming, sterilization 90, 90Flammable liquids, precautions 97Flasks 34, 36–37Flatworms, see FlukesFlotation techniques, parasitedetection 152–153, 152–153Flukes (see also Schistosoma spp.)liver, transmission routes 106stools 150–151, 150–151Fluorescent treponemal antibodyabsorbed(FTA-Abs) test,syphilis 346–347Fluoride oxalate anticoagulant 357Forceps 35, 36, 38Foreign substances, urinespecimens 244–245, 245Formaldehyde 357stool preservation 109, 110, 110Formaldehyde–detergent sedimentationtechnique 154–156, 155–156