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xxxiv Strategic Choices for a Turbulent World: In Pursuit of Security and Opportunity Martin C. Libicki, Melinda Moore, Thomas Pickering, David Rothkopf, K. Jack Riley, Richard Silberglitt, Simon Sinek, and Ali Wyne. We also want to thank Sarah Harting, Stacy Fitzsimmons, Maxine Morris, Cecile St. Julien, Jamie Greenberg, and Kathleen Cutsforth for their research and administrative support, and Arwen Bicknell for her expert editing.
CHAPTER ONE Introduction What is America’s role in the world of the 21st century? And is there a strategic concept—a “grand strategy”—that would give direction to our diplomacy, defense, and economic engagement with the world? These are the orienting questions of the RAND Strategic Rethink project, which has assessed the diverse challenges—and opportunities—for the United States abroad in this time of transformation and turbulence. For more than seven decades, the United States has assumed leadership in building a liberal international order. 1 From 1947 until the end of the Cold War in 1991, the United States confronted threats from the totalitarian, nuclear-armed Soviet Union and from other authoritarian states. After the Cold War, the United States organized collective responses to challenges to the international order posed by less-powerful aggressors, including tyrants who committed grave violations against their neighbors or their own populations. Americans united after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11), and have invested trillions of dollars in war and nation-building in Afghanistan and Iraq, in countering al Qaeda and then ISIS, 2 and in caring for returning veterans. Today, after 15 years of war, wide- 1 See G. John Ikenberry, Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2011; and Robert Kagan, The World America Made, New York: Knopf, 2012. 2 The organization’s name transliterates from Arabic as al-Dawlah al-Islamiyah fi al-’Iraq wa al-Sham (abbreviated as Da’ish or DAESH). In the West, it is commonly referred to as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, the Islamic State 1
Page 1 and 2: STRATEGIC RETHINK STRATEGIC CHOICES
Page 3 and 4: Preface This is the sixth and final
Page 5: Preface v The RAND Strategic Rethin
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Page 11 and 12: Contents Preface...................
Page 13: Contents xiii Middle East..........
Page 17 and 18: Summary For more than seven decades
Page 19 and 20: Summary xix deal with because of it
Page 21 and 22: Summary xxi Familiarity does not ne
Page 23 and 24: Summary xxiii Whatever else is on t
Page 25 and 26: Summary xxv of richest Americans, i
Page 27 and 28: Summary xxvii reexamination arises
Page 29 and 30: Summary xxix Dwight Eisenhower—wh
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Page 33: Acknowledgments RAND Corporation Pr
Page 37 and 38: Introduction 3 that some allies hav
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Page 41 and 42: Introduction 7 live with. Therefore
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Is the World Falling Apart (And How
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Figure 3.4 Map of Climate Change Ho
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CHAPTER FOUR Leveraging U.S. Streng
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Leveraging U.S. Strengths, Dealing
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Part Two Strategic Choices
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CHAPTER EIGHT Option II: “The Ind
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CHAPTER NINE Option III: “Agile A
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CODA The Challenge of Leadership: A
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