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Nondestructive testing of defects in adhesive joints

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Draw<strong>in</strong>g the fiber at 100 0 C, which is near to the crystallization temperature result <strong>in</strong> better orientation<br />

<strong>of</strong> MWNT which manifests <strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> overall mechanical properties than fiber drawn at 80 0 C.<br />

Draw<strong>in</strong>g the fiber at 120 0 C, which is above the crystallization temperature results <strong>in</strong> even better<br />

orientation <strong>of</strong> MWNT than draw<strong>in</strong>g at 100 0 C which manifests <strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> overall mechanical<br />

properties.<br />

However, PP/MWNT composite fibers do not exhibit any l<strong>in</strong>ear <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> mechanical properties<br />

with <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g MWNT concentration. The reason is due to <strong>in</strong>adequate <strong>in</strong>terfacial <strong>in</strong>teraction <strong>in</strong><br />

between the PP cha<strong>in</strong> and MWNT; formation <strong>of</strong> MWNT aggregates <strong>in</strong> PP matrix and due to MWNT<br />

slippage which is detrimental to the mechanical properties <strong>of</strong> composites [12, 13].<br />

4. Conclusion<br />

It was found that draw<strong>in</strong>g speed and temperature had a pr<strong>of</strong>ound effect on the mechanical properties<br />

<strong>of</strong> composite fiber. The favorable condition <strong>of</strong> draw<strong>in</strong>g the composite fiber was draw<strong>in</strong>g at higher<br />

temperature and at low draw<strong>in</strong>g speed.<br />

5. Acknowlegements<br />

We would like to acknowledge Microcompounder Central facility, CRNTS at IIT Bombay. We would<br />

also like to thank DMSRDE, Kanpur for the f<strong>in</strong>ancial assistance for the project (TR/0569/CARS-33).<br />

6. References<br />

[1] Iijima S, Nature 1991; 35:56.<br />

[2] Baughman R. H, Zakhidov A. A, Heer W, Science 2002; 297:787.<br />

[3] Tilo S, Ton P, Piet J, Joachim L, Macromolecules 2004; 37:1810<br />

[4] Joachim L, Tilo S, Macromolecules 2005; 38:10678<br />

[5] Bodaghi, H., Spruiell, J. E., and White, J. L., Int. Polym. Process 1988; 3:100<br />

[6] Hahn, K.; Kerth, J.; Zolk, R.; Schwahn, D.; Spr<strong>in</strong>ger, T.; Kugler,. J. Macromolecules 1988;<br />

21:1541.<br />

[7] Abo El Maaty M., Bassett, D., Olley R., Dobb M., Tomka J., Wang I., Polymer 1996; 37:213<br />

[8] Bhattacharyya A R,, Sreekumar T.V, Liu T, Kumar S, Ericson L. M, Hauge R, Smalley R. E,<br />

Polymer 2003; 44:2373.<br />

[9] Moncy V. J, Derrick D, James T, Gary P, Elijah N, Journal <strong>of</strong> Applied Polymer Science 2007;<br />

103:3844.<br />

[10] B<strong>in</strong>g J, Charlie L, Chuck Z, Ben W, Zhi W, Composites: Part B 2007; 38:24<br />

[11] Irv<strong>in</strong>e P, Smith Pet.al Macromolecules 1986; 19:240<br />

[12] Ajayan P, Jonghwan S, Koratkar M, J Material Science 2006 ; 41: 7824<br />

[13] Ajayan P, Schadler L, Giannaris C, Rubio A, Advanced Materials 2000; 12:750

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