Horticulture Principles and Practices

Proportion and Scale
Proportion describes the desired relationship between size and shape among objects
(or parts of objects) displayed together. Scale, a component of proportion, deals with
relative size of objects displayed together.
Several elements go into producing a proportional design—the characteristics of
the flowers, container, table (where applicable), and room. Although tall containers can be
used for tall displays, low containers should not hold tall flowers. The general recommendation
is that the arrangement be about one and a half to two times the container
height or width. The display should not overwhelm the table or the room. An oversized
display is out of place in a small room, and a tiny display is ineffective in a large room or
on a large table.
Accent Plant
A plant strategically
located in a landscape to
draw attention to a
particular feature in the
area.
Focal Point and Accent
Rather than creating a design with all-around appeal, it is best to have emphasis or dominance
in which one or several parts generate most interest.
A focal point can be created by including an exotic or very attractive flower (accent
plant) in the design. This flower could be described as a conversation piece that draws
the immediate attention of viewers. In lieu of such a specimen, a designer can use other
techniques such as repetition and massing to draw attention to a design. A focal point
should be located at the top of the container.
Contrast
Without contrast, a design can be monotonous and boring. Flowers differ in color, size,
texture, and shape; these characteristics should be used to enhance the arrangement.
Unity
If a designer observes the principles of good balance, proportion, scale, and contrast and
includes an effective focal point, the resulting creation blends together to produce an
effective display that is aesthetically pleasing and functional. Unity is achieved in a
design when the viewer gets the sense that all elements are working together. The design
elements are not seen individually when there is unity.
The Role of Containers
Containers serve important roles in flower arranging other than just holding flowers.
In some displays, they can hardly be seen. In many others, however, they provide a
background for the arrangement. The size of the container determines the size of the finished
product (remember that the arrangement should be one and a half to two times the
size of the container). Containers can be ceramic, plastic, crystal, or some other material
(Figure 24–2). Bright colors should be avoided and preference given to shades of
white, green, gray, or beige. Solid colors should be chosen, although simple patterns
may add to the display; elaborate patterns distract from the floral display and should be
avoided.
FIGURE 24-2 Containers for
cut flowers. There is variety and
room for creativity in selecting
containers.
694 Chapter 24 Cut Flowers and Floral Design