defined, 390 fertilization, 432–434 film plastic, 396–397 frame design, 395 glass, 396 glazing (covering) material, 395 heating, 417 layout (arrangement), 403 light, 423–428 orientation of structure, 401 pests, 435, 436 shading, 424 temperature, 405 types, 390 ventilation, 422 water, 428–432 Greens, 52 Ground bench, 402 Ground cover, 522–579 Growth, 154 Growth <strong>and</strong> development, 154–156, 165 developmental stages, 170–172 vegetative,172, 173 reproductive, 157–159 Growth regulators, 178 H<strong>and</strong> harvesting, 724 Hanging baskets, 262 Hardscaping, 510 Hardwood, 86 Hardy plants, 98 Hardening off, 98, 308 Hardwood cuttings, 316 Harvesting, 722 Head height, 582 Heading back, 577 Heartwood, 86 Herbaceous cuttings, 316–371 Herb gardening, 646–650 Herbicides, 270–275 classification, 270 formulation, 272 indoor weed control, 274 Hesperidium, 47 High-intensity-discharge lamps, 427 Home l<strong>and</strong>scaping, 475 Home soil testing kit, 121 Hopkins bioclimatic law, 100 Horizontal resistance, 237 <strong>Horticulture</strong> divisions, 6 economic importance, 19–21 historical overview, 19–21 jobs, 19–20 source of food, as, 19–24 therapeutic value, 24 what is it, 4 <strong>Horticulture</strong> therapy, 24 Houseplants 345–386 bringing plants home, 363 choice of, 345, 347 disease/pest/problems, 380–381 display of, 350–352 easy-to-grow plants, 347 fertilizing, 372 garden rooms, 361 grouping plants, 352 hanging baskets, 362 humidity, 368 light, 363–367 locating plants, 349–351 potting plants, 374 repotting, 375, 376 seasonal care, 372, 373 temperature, 367 water, 369–371 Humidity, 96, 368 Humus, 114 Hydroponics, 444–448 Hypogeous germination, 301 ICBN, 30 Incomplete flower, 89 Incomplete metamorphosis, 201 In breeding depression, 199 Indehiscent fruits, 49 Indirect seeding, 302 Infrared radiant heater, 420 Inorganic mulches, 614 Insects, 222–229 economic importance, 222 important insect orders, 223 classification, 223–227 storage pest, 228 some important insect pests, 228–229 control, 229 Insecticides, 261–268 classification, based on active ingredient, 262–263 classification, based on killing action, 262 dry formulations, 264 effective/safe applications, 267 houseplant pest, 268 l<strong>and</strong>scape pests, 269 liquid formulations, 264–265 Integrated pest management (IPM), 252–254 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), 30 IPM, 252–254 Irrigation, 133–137 methods, 133–135 water quality, 135 source of water, 135 surface irrigation, 134 drip, 134 overhead, 133 best time of day to, 136 factors affecting watering frequency, 137 conserving moisture, 137 soil drainage, 138 greenhouse watering, 139 Jobs, 19–25 Jungle cacti, 461 Kingdom, 31–33 Kingdom Animalia, 32 Kingdom Fungi, 32 Kingdom Monera, 32 Kingdom Plantae, 32, 33 Kingdom Protoctista, 32 Lamiaceae, 58 L<strong>and</strong>scape appreciation, 485 L<strong>and</strong>scape architect, 476 L<strong>and</strong>scape contractor, 476 L<strong>and</strong>scaping balance, 483 bedding plants, 513, 517 categories, 475 cemeteries, 492 curb appeal, 490, 512 defined, 474 designing, 476–486 flower garden, 486, 513 focalization, 483 hardscaping, 510 groundcover, 519–522 l<strong>and</strong>scape professionals, 476–477 line, 480 parks/recreational, 491 principles, 480 planting trees, 527, 529–532 residential, 475, 488–491 rhythm <strong>and</strong> line, 485 scale (proportion), 485 school grounds, 491 shopping centers, 492 simplicity, 480 texture, 478 trees, 472–478 urban centers, 492 xeriscaping, 498 Lawn, 542 Layering, 331–334 LD 50 , 250 Leaf, 75–80 structure, 76–77 foliage, 76 modifications, 78, 87 Leaf bud cuttings, 317 Leaf cutting, 317 Leaf-vein cuttings, 317 Lean-to greenhouse, 352 Legislative control, 254, 259 Legume, 51 Lethal dose (LD 50 ), 250 Light, 101–104 Light intensity, 102–104 Light quality, 104 Liliaceae, 58 Lilies, 58 Liming, 123 Line flowers, 696 Linnaeus, Carolus, 30 Liquid fertilizer application, 124 Liquid media, 149–150 Logarithmic growth phase, 150 Luxury consumption, 112 Macronutrients, 113 Magnesium, 112 Major gene resistance, 237 Manganese, 113 Marker assisted selection, 205 Massing, 696 Mechanical/physical control 254, 260 Mechanical harvesting, 725 Mendel’s law of heredity, 196 Mercury vapor lights, 426 Meristems, 71 Metamorphosis, 201–203 Method of seeding, 270 Micronutrients, 113 Microorganisms, 230–232 Micropropagation, 207 Mineralization, 111 Minor gene resistance, 237 Mint family, 58 Moisture stress, 97 Molecular breeding, 204 Molluscides, 246 Monera, 32 Monocarp, 44 Monocotyledons, 57 Mound layering, 333 Movable benches, 365 Moving sprinklers, 133 Mowing, 557 Index 757
Mulch, 614 Multiple fruits, 50 Multistemed tree form, 582 Mustard family, 58 Mychorrhizal fungi, 230 Mycoplasmas, 232 Myriad Botanical Gardens, 6 Natural layering, 331 Necrosis, 112 Negative DIF treatments, 441, 443 Nematicides, 246 Nematodes, 233 NFT system, 444 Nightshade family, 59 Nitrogen, 111 Nonclimacteric fruits, Nonselective herbicides, 271 Nonpathogenic (physiological) disorders, 180, 181 Nursery industry, 17 Nursery production, 500–508 container nursery, 503 economic considerations, 503 field nursery, 506 location of nursery, 501 nursery structures, 502 nursery worker, 500 retail nursery, 508 site preparation, 505 type of production, 506, 507 Nursery structures, 502 Olericulture, 16 Olmstead, Frederick Law, 14 Orchid family, 58 Orchidaceae, 58 Order, 31 Organic farming, 651–660 amendments, 656–657 certification, 654 composting, 660–663 composting systems, 664–665 C:N ratio, 663 definition, 652 green manures, 664 mulching, 614 nutrients, 658 pest/disease control, 659 weed control, 658 Organic fertilizers, 117 Organic matter, 116 Organochlorines, 263 Organophosphates, 263 Ornamental annual bedding plants, 439 Osmocote, 118 Outdoor compost system, 665 Overhead irrigation systems, 133 Overhead sprinklers, 133 Ozone, 96 Palm family, 58 Palmette training system, 599 Parasitic plants, 216–217 Parthenocarpy, 212 Patch budding, 330 Peat moss, 143 Peat pellets, 305 Peat pots, 305 Peninsula arrangement, 364 Pepo, 47 Perched water table, 130 Perennials, 43 Perfect flower, 89 Perlite, 144 Permanent wilting percentage, 129 Pest control 240–280 biological control, 255–257 control strategies, 278 cultural control, 254–257 general principles, 241–243 greenhouse pests, 268, 275 herbicides, 245, 270–274 IPM, 252–254 legislative control, 254, 259 mechanical/physical control, 254, 260 pesticides, 245–254 preventing pest attack, 242 Pesticides labels, 249 Pesticide toxicity, 250 Pesticides 241–271 aviacides, 246 choosing, 247–248 classification, 245 defined, 245 environmental/safety concerns, 248, 250 fungicides, 245 labels, 249 methods of application, 252 miticides, 246 molluscides, 246 nematicides, 246 rodenticides, 246 safe use of, 251 toxicity, 250 Pests, 214 Phosphorus, 111 Photoperiodism, 174 Photorespiration, 162 Photosynthesis, 161–165 Phototropism, 162 Physical dormancy, 296 Physiological dormancy, 172 Physiological maturity, 246 Phytotoxicity, 246 Plant breeding (improvement), 185 what is it?, 186 art <strong>and</strong> science of, 186 biotechnology in plant breeding, 204–208 concept of genetic manipulation, 187 review of genetic principles, 196–198 importance of reproductive system, 198, 199 role of variation, 199 selection, 200, 201 general steps, 200 methods of breeding, 201, 202 cultivar release <strong>and</strong> certification, 202, 203 breeding asexually propagated species, 203 Plant growth environment, abiotic factors, 95 air, 96 biotic factors, 95 climate, 95 field growing media, 140–142 greenhouse effect, 107 light, 101–106 liquid media, 130 potting media, 142–148 soil, 108–110 temperature, 97–101 tillage, 140–141 water, 129–131 Plant growth processes, 160 Plant hardiness zone, 98 Plant hormones, 178–180 auxins, 178 gibberellins, 179 cytogenetics, 179 ethylene, 179 absisic acid, 180 Plant patent act, 339 Plant major (macro-) nutrients 111, 112 Plant physiology, 62, 153–182 Plant quarantine, 254, 259 Pleaching, 582 Plug system, 448 Plug trays, 448 Plugging, 555 Polarity, 156 Pollarding, 584 Pollination, 161 Polyploids, 156 Pome, 47 Pomology, 6 Postemergence herbicides, 271 Postharvest h<strong>and</strong>ling/ marketing, 72 canning, 720 fermentation, 731 freezing, 730 fumigation, 730 harvesting, 722–725 marketing, 732–735 processing with sugar, 731 sorting/grading, 726 storage, 727 washing, 726 Pot-bound, Potassium, 112 Potato beetle, 228 Potting plants, 374 Potting media, 142–148, 394 Powdery mildew, 230–231 Preemergence herbicides, 271 Preplant herbicides, 271 Primary root system, 301 Primed seed, 298 Prince, Robert, 14 Protection against cold temperature-related loss, 98 Protective fungicides, 245 Pruning, 556 Pruning <strong>and</strong> training 556–608 climbing plants, 606 conifers, 601–602 coppicing, 585 cuttings, 572–575 fruit trees, 585, 589 general principles, 567, 577 heading back, 580 hedges, 603–604 objectives of pruning, 569, 586 ornamental plants, 601–602 plant responses to pruning, 569 pleaching, 585 pollarding, 584 pruning technique, 572 pruning tools, 570–572 renewal pruning, 579 roots, 579 shrubs, 578 small fruit trees, 600 topiary, 585 trees, 580 when to prune, 576 wound care, 575 Public l<strong>and</strong>scaping, 475 Quantitative traits, 197, 198 Quick freezing, 731 Radiant energy heating system, 378 Radiant heat loss, 377 758 Index
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HORTICULTURE Principles and Practic
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HORTICULTURE Principles and Practic
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With love to Theresa, quarterback;
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Brief Contents Preface xxi PART 1 T
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Contents Preface xxi PART 1 THE UND
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5.3 PLANT GROWTH PROCESSES 160 5.4
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8.20 COMMON GREENHOUSE DISEASES 276
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12.3 INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
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PART 6 Summary 541 References and S
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22.18 INDOOR COMPOSTING SYSTEMS 668
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Preface Horticulture is the area of
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am very grateful
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PART 1 THE UNDERLYING SCIENCE CHAPT
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1 What Is Horticulture? PURPOSE AND
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(a) (c) (b) (d) FIGURE 1-1 The many
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FIGURE 1 Bridge. The plaza view of
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CYCADS Many people mistake these pr
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FIGURE 2 The world's largest unbran
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FIGURE 2 Sold flowers are loaded on
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FIGURE 1-4 Formal landscaping featu
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1.4 ROLEOFTHENURSERY AND SEED INDUS
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1.5 HORTICULTURE AND SOCIETY Hortic
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TABLE 1-3 U.S. Horticultural Export
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Turfgrass Operation 1. Landscape te
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What Is Horticulture? This site pro
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Examples of botanical gardens http:
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2 Classifying and Naming Horticultu
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Eight major taxa are commonly used
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TABLE 2-3 The Divisions of the King
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HISTORY OF PLANT TAXONOMY PAUL R. F
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AGE OF HERBALISTS Two major events
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possible system of nomenclature. Ho
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TABLE 1 Type Categories for Plant N
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2.3 OTHER CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS (O
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2. Shrubs. A shrub has no main trun
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Simple Fruits Fleshy Fruits Drupe B
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FIGURE 2-14 A pome, represented by
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2.3.5 CLASSIFICATION OF VEGETABLES
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(a) (b) FIGURE 2-22 (Source: George
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FIGURE 2-25 A narrowleaf plant. (So
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FIGURE 2-29 Parts of a typical gras
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such as rosemary, sage, thyme, marj
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c. Leaves d. Bulbs 2. Cut across (t
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Whole plant Organs FIGURE 3-1 Level
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ibonucleic acid (RNA), proteins, an
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called cristae; this extreme foldin
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By virtue of its position, the prim
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Phloem Tissue Structurally, phloem
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(a) Stalk (b) Culm FIGURE 3-5 Cross
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Scale Compressed stem (a) Whole bul
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Upper epidermis Palisade layer FIGU
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usually occur in xerophytes. In cer
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FIGURE 3-22 Selected common leaf ma
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FIGURE 3-25 Selected common leaf ti
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absorption of water and minerals fr
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Outer bark Inner bark FIGURE 3-37 T
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Anther Filament Stamen FIGURE 3-41
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Exocarp Parts of a typi- FIGURE 3-4
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PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE LABORATORY 1.
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4.1 CLIMATE, WEATHER, AND HORTICULT
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concentration in the atmosphere.A c
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TABLE 4-1 Climatic Adaptation of Se
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and upward. Another important gener
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Rate of photosynthesis mg/sq. dm/hr
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and plants that flower under only c
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times of the year. Growers start th
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content. This section is sometimes
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TABLE 4-7 Soil Mineral Nutrients Es
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Micronutrients (Trace Elements) Mic
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Neutral FIGURE 4-11 A representatio
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4.4 FERTILIZERS Fertilizer sources
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One of the most commonly used contr
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Chlorosis (the yellowing of green l
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Fertilizers may be applied before p
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It is neither practical nor safe to
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Solution: How much of ammonium nitr
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1°C (34°F), the optimum temperatu
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Cellulose sponge Perched water tabl
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Overhead Sprinkler Irrigation Water
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FIGURE 4-19 Furrow irrigation of le
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can self-install an underground irr
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1. Surface drainage. Surface draina
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Secondary Tillage Primary tillage i
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(a) (b) (c) (d) FIGURE 4-20 (Source
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texture. The most commonly used gra
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TABLE 4-11 Selected Standard Mixes
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Steam Pasteurization Steam pasteuri
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Maracher, H. 1986. Mineral nutritio
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5 Plant Physiology PURPOSE AND EXPE
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Growth in an organism follows a cer
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5.1.2 THE ROLE OF SIGNALS IN GROWTH
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waxes are embedded. Waxes consist o
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5.3.1 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis
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CO 2 FIGURE 5-6 The C 4 pathway of
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Growth and Development The general
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TABLE 5-2 Energy Produced from Aero
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Certain plants are adapted to dry e
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conditions exist to sustain growth
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Shoot Elongation In certain plants,
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for success, since high temperature
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FIGURE 5-13 Ripening of plantain sh
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Terminal bud removed Unbranched pla
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conditions—pertaining to light, m
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them to maturity. The major process
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6 Breeding Horticultural Plants PUR
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Similarly, there can be no plant br
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APPLICATION, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPE
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hit with target DNA. Therefore, it
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Generally, within ten days of exper
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Aziz A.N., Sauve R.J., Zhou S., 200
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(b) F 1 Rr Rr round round F 2 RR R
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e.g., Aa × Aa), the lethal allele
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eeder’s equation. Simply stated,
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Before the seed or product becomes
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6.18.2 THE GENERAL STEPS OF RDNA TE
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2. Political disagreement. There ar
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REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING Ac
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PART 2 PROTECTING HORTICULTURAL PLA
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7 Biological Enemies of Horticultur
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8. Weeds may clog drains, waterways
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is also a root parasite that obtain
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LEGISLATIVE Both state and federal
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Example Integrated cultural, physic
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7.4.2 IMPORTANT INSECT ORDERS Insec
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Egg FIGURE 7-3 Life cycle of an ins
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sucking insects (also found with so
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FIGURE 7-12 Corn earworm damage. (S
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TABLE 7-1 Selected Fungal Diseases
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7.6.1 SMALL ANIMALS Rabbits, mice,
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FIGURE 7-16 The disease triangle. P
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fungitoxic exudates in its leaves,
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SUMMARY Insects are a major class o
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For the home growers or those who c
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for consumers and the environment).
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TABLE 8-1 Strategy 4: Strategies an
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gibberellic acid spray overcomes st
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In a competitive industry, a variet
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Chemicals gain access to humans thr
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2. Pesticide management. Controllin
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Every organism has its natural enem
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TABLE 8-3 Selected Examples of Biol
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1 2 YEAR 3 4 FIGURE 8-5 cycle. A cr
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6. Heat treatment. In the greenhous
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Organic Compounds (Organics) Organi
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under enclosed conditions (e.g., wa
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FIGURE 8-9 A tractor-mounted spraye
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8.11.9 LANDSCAPE PESTS AND THEIR CO
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application, a particular herbicide
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Further, they do not provide unifor
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SUMMARY Herbicides are chemicals us
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Sulfur may be applied for both prev
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8.23 PREVENTING GREENHOUSE DISEASES
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PART 3 PROPAGATING HORTICULTURAL PL
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9 Sexual Propagation PURPOSE AND EX
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Anther Microspore Megaspore mother
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Lettuce seeds Red light Darkness Fa
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FEDERAL AND STATE SEED LAWS Federal
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Germination Test In laboratory prac
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FIGURE 15 The essential structures
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processing into flour or meal). How
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physiologically immature seeds must
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seeds may be treated in this way be
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The two basic modes of seedling eme
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locations in the field. Home garden
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FIGURE 9-9 A plastic flat. (Source:
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(a) (b) FIGURE 9-12 (a) Sowing seed
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y the gardener or grower. Whatever
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REFERENCES AND SUGGESTED READING Co
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species enables vegetative propagat
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for rapid rooting. There are two ba
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Cutting involving one node (e.g., s
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This practice is especially importa
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10.6.4 STICKING THE CUTTING Cutting
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(a) Indexing by budding Diseased pl
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10.11 M ETHODS OF GRAFTING Grafting
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Scion Wax FIGURE 10-17 Steps in bar
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MODULE 3 BUDDING 10.12 TYPES OF BUD
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MODULE 4 LAYERING 10.13 TYPES OF LA
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Buried part of shoot is nicked FIGU
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variety of ways. In air layering, a
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FIGURE 10-34 by using cormels. Prop
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Psuedobulbs In the Dendrobium orchi
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The technique is used widely in cro
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PART 4 GROWING PLANTS INDOORS CHAPT
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11 Growing Houseplants PURPOSE AND
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TABLE 11-1 Common houseplants Commo
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Saddle leaf Philodendron selloum To
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Window Displays Plants in windows e
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CONTAINER GARDENS DR. TERRI W. STAR
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annuals and hardy perennial species
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of the large container filled with
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perfection about four to six weeks
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FIGURE 11-6 Flowers displayed on th
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TABLE 11-5 Plant Selected Plants fo
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The lighting condition near these w
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Fluorescent Lights Fluorescent ligh
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may be used for one pot or a group
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garden rooms, atriums, or a large c
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The photoperiod affects when the ho
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patted firm to keep the plant erect
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Other Materials Apart from clay and
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(a) ( FIGURE 11-25 Support for plan
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TABLE 11-7 Common Problems of House
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• Keep soil moist all the time
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• Prefers high temperatures • P
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amount and quality of light. If sup
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12 Controlled-Environment Horticult
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6. Curvilinear 7. Curved eave 8. Do
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Detached greenhouses have several a
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12.2.3 FRAME DESIGN There are two b
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horticultural business a less-expen
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Texas, Hawaii, and California. The
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source of heat for times when the t
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FIGURE 12-17 Greenhouse production
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FIGURE 12-21 Moving tables allowing
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Research program on greenhouse engi
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greenhouses equipped with a variety
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FIGURE 1 Annual energy required per
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This system was demonstrated in a 5
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FIGURE 6 Amounts of waste energy ut
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Ekholt, B.A., D.R. Mears, M.S. Gini
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or object to be warmed. Failure to
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objects in its path (e.g., the floo
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FIGURE 12-27 Motorized ventilation
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FIGURE 12-30 Movable internal shade
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FIGURE 12-33 A high pressure sodium
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Source of Water The quality of loca
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FIGURE 12-37 Overhead sprinkler irr
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Intermittent Feed Greenhouse plants
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However, in winter, greenhouse vent
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OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT 1. Explain the
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. Foliage or green plants. Foliage
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2. Labor. The size of the labor for
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FIGURE 13-1 Greenhouse production o
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FIGURE 13-2 Lettuce plug is inserte
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13.8.4 AGGREGATE HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS
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(a) (b) (c) FIGURE 13-6 Plug produc
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14 Growing Succulents PURPOSE AND E
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FIGURE 14-3 Leaf succulent represen
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frost-hardy. Their rosettes are usu
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TABLE 14-1 Plant Selected Popular S
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(a) (b) FIGURE 14-12 Typical bromel
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14.7.1 WHAT ARE CACTI? 14.7 CACTI C
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FIGURE 14-16 Opuntia. (Source: Crai
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FIGURE 14-23 Mammillaria. (Source:
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FIGURE 14-28 Both desert and jungle
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Growing mix Gravel Cacti (a) (b) FI
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PART5 GROWING PLANTS OUTDOORS: ORNA
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15 Principles of Landscaping PURPOS
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8. Create recreational grounds. Suc
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knowledge, with concern for resourc
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(a) (b) (c) FIGURE 15-2 The occurre
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GUIDELINES FOR LANDSCAPE DESIGN DAV
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the landscape. Some very successful
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Rhythm and Line Panoramic view of a
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FIGURE 15-10 A formal garden. The e
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How frequently do they entertain? A
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the patio should be located on the
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15.7.1 SELECTING PLANTS A homeowner
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Plant Arrangement in the Landscape
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Shadow FIGURE 15-15 Planting a tree
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SUMMARY Landscaping enhances the su
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3. Supply materials on a timely bas
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such as preparation rooms (for mixi
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of environmental fluctuations. Furt
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FIGURE 16-4 A bare-root tree seedli
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17 Installation of the Landscape PU
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for walks, driveways, and patios (F
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Planting may be limited to accentin
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17.3.3 PREPARING THE BED The soil s
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FIGURE 17-4 Bedding plants raised i
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SUMMARY Bedding plants are largely
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TABLE 17-6 Selected Ground Covers T
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TABLE 17-7 Selected Ornamental Gras
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they determine the success and surv
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12. Wildlife attraction. Trees in t
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pennsylvanica), hackberry (Celtis s
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y winds. A stake, which is often a
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TABLE 17-8 Selected Narrowleaf Ever
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TABLE 17-11 Selected Deciduous Shru
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Blooming bushes 1. Blue mist shrub
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Planting Bulblets and Bulbils Speci
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may be divided such that each secti
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FIGURE 18-1 (Source: George Acquaah
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Cool-Season (Temperate) Grasses In
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Growth Habit Turfgrasses are the mo
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Heavy Use Lawns on playgrounds and
- Page 576 and 577:
The seed should be free from weeds
- Page 578 and 579:
Source of Sod As with seed, sod sup
- Page 580 and 581:
A plug of sod FIGURE 18-7 Plugging
- Page 582 and 583:
way, plants are able to adapt to th
- Page 584 and 585:
form of a can placed on the lawn wi
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TABLE 18-3 Some Common Lawn and Tur
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even surface soil surface for layin
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MacCaskey, M. 1987. All about lawns
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Pruning is sometimes done in conjun
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4. Pruning may be done to reduce th
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19.4.2 SAWS A saw may be designed t
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defeat the purpose of pruning. The
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Bud withers as cut end dries back d
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19.6 STRATEGIES FOR PRUNING ABOVEGR
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Rejuvenation Pruning Cut canes to a
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3. In the third and subsequent year
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(a) Cut Prune (b) FIGURE 19-16 Step
- Page 610 and 611:
Eucalyptus and Paulownia are amenab
- Page 612 and 613:
TRAINING & PRUNING DECIDUOUS FRUIT
- Page 614 and 615:
Summer pruning eliminates an energy
- Page 616 and 617:
a) b) FIGURE 2 Newly planted apple
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FIGURE 6 Wooden limb spreaders can
- Page 620 and 621:
FIGURE 9. An apple tree trained to
- Page 622 and 623:
years to promote continued lateral
- Page 624 and 625:
Horizontal Espalier The horizontal
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19.16.1 CANE FRUITS Cane fruits are
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FIGURE 19-26 Shearing of Christmas
- Page 630 and 631:
pyramid-like form that is wider at
- Page 632 and 633:
After selecting the appropriate spe
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PART 6 GROWING PLANTS OUTDOORS: VEG
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20 Growing Vegetables Outdoors PURP
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The National Agricultural Statistic
- Page 640 and 641:
(This item omitted from WebBook edi
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growers should take to determine an
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pests and reduce/ eliminate hail da
- Page 646 and 647:
square yard (10 to 68 grams per squ
- Page 648 and 649:
High tunnels help increase the prof
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(This item omitted from WebBook edi
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20.4 VEGETABLE MARKET TYPES Fresh V
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Establishing the Crop Planting into
- Page 656 and 657:
home water supply from the tap. Thi
- Page 658 and 659:
Cole crop Cabbage Root Potato Bean
- Page 660 and 661:
6. Adequate nutrition. While overfe
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variable, ranging from creamy yello
- Page 664 and 665:
There are two general production pr
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This toxin is heat resistant and no
- Page 668 and 669:
large, or jumbo. The bulb may be sw
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REFERENCES Growing selected vegetab
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TABLE 21-1 Popular Herbs and Their
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) FIGURE 21-1
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22 Organic Farming PURPOSE AND EXPE
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22.3 PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC FARMING
- Page 680 and 681:
and the specific materials to be us
- Page 682 and 683:
22.8 MANAGING SOIL PHYSICAL QUALITY
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preemergent or early postemergent o
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Composting is a deliberate activity
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22.14.5 THE CARBON-TO-NITROGEN RATI
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Moisture Supply Water is required b
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Compost materials FIGURE 22-4 a wir
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As microbial decomposition proceeds
- Page 696 and 697:
Establishment and Management of an
- Page 698 and 699:
night, freezing can occur in spring
- Page 700 and 701:
accomplished by stratification. It
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transmitted by the dagger nematode
- Page 704 and 705:
PART 7 SPECIAL TECHNIQUES AND HANDL
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24 Cut Flowers and Floral Design PU
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to more than four-fold in standard
- Page 710 and 711:
Temperature and Humidity Wilting re
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FLORAL DESIGN: AN OVERVIEW BY WM. J
- Page 714 and 715:
Principle Definition Types (or Uses
- Page 716 and 717:
pH value-a measure of the acidity o
- Page 718 and 719:
FIGURE 6 Parallel Design-Parallel d
- Page 720 and 721:
24.3.2 TOOLS AND MATERIALS The tool
- Page 722 and 723:
3. Establish the focal point. 4. Ad
- Page 724 and 725:
Natural Drying To dry naturally, fl
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24.4.3 DRIED FLOWER ARRANGEMENTS Dr
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25 Terrarium Culture PURPOSE AND EX
- Page 730 and 731:
FIGURE 25-3 Terrarium containers ar
- Page 732 and 733: FIGURE 25-5 Assortment of tools use
- Page 734 and 735: 25.6.7 ENHANCING THE DISPLAY Certai
- Page 736 and 737: (a) (b) FIGURE 26-1 Bonsai can be c
- Page 738 and 739: TABLE 26-3 Plant A Selection of Pop
- Page 740 and 741: 26.3.1 COLLECTING BONSAI PLANTS FRO
- Page 742 and 743: Strip bark Bare branch FIGURE 26-9
- Page 744 and 745: 26.5.2 SANITATION It is critical to
- Page 746 and 747: 27 Postharvest Handling and Marketi
- Page 748 and 749: whereas oranges are picked (they ha
- Page 750 and 751: (b) (a) (c) (d) (e1) (e2) (f) FIGUR
- Page 752 and 753: To reduce packaging injury, contain
- Page 754 and 755: is replaced by the by-product of re
- Page 756 and 757: Stored produce may lose some color,
- Page 758 and 759: with pricing. When selling by volum
- Page 760 and 761: (a) (b) FIGURE 27-5 Horticultural p
- Page 762 and 763: APPENDIX A Temperature: Converting
- Page 764 and 765: APPENDIX B Metric Conversion Chart
- Page 766 and 767: APPENDIX D Common and Scientific Na
- Page 768 and 769: Pecan (Carya illinoensis) Peony (Pa
- Page 770 and 771: GLOSSARY A Abaxial Turned away from
- Page 772 and 773: Cellulose A complex carbohydrate th
- Page 774 and 775: Floriculture The science and practi
- Page 776 and 777: M Macronutrient An essential elemen
- Page 778 and 779: Root cap A mass of hard cells cover
- Page 780 and 781: INDEX A-frame, 395 A-horizon, 108 A
- Page 784 and 785: Radiant heaters, 378 Radicle, 90 Re
- Page 786 and 787: color plate 1 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) M
- Page 788 and 789: color plate 3 (b) (a) (c) (d) (e) (
- Page 790 and 791: color plate 5 (a) (b) (d) (c) (e) (
- Page 792 and 793: color plate 7 (b) (c) (d) (a) (e) (
- Page 794 and 795: color plate 9 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (
- Page 796 and 797: color plate 11 (a) (c) (b) (d) Grow
- Page 798 and 799: color plate 13 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
- Page 800 and 801: color plate 15 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
- Page 802 and 803: color plate 17 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
- Page 804 and 805: color plate 19 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
- Page 806 and 807: color plate 21 (a) (b) (c) (e) (d)
- Page 808 and 809: color plate 23 (c) (b) (a) (d) (e)
- Page 810 and 811: color plate 25 (c) (a) (b) (d) (e)
- Page 812 and 813: color plate 27 (a1) (a2) (b2) (b1)
- Page 814 and 815: color plate 29 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
- Page 816 and 817: color plate 31 (a) (b) (c) Floral d