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4.4 Polysaccharides 309

aroma concentrates. For example, essential oils

are emulsified with gum arabic solution and then

spray-dried. In this process, the polysaccharide

forms a film surrounding the oil droplet, which

then protects the oil against oxidation and other

changes.

4.4.4.6 Gum Ghatti

4.4.4.6.1 Occurrence

Gum ghatti is an exudate from the tree Anogeissus

latifolia found in India and Ceylon.

4.4.4.6.2 Structure, Properties

Fig. 4.21. Viscosity curve of an aqueous gum arabic

solution (according to Whistler, 1973) (25.5 ◦ C, Brookfield

viscometer)

4.4.4.5.3 Utilization

Gum arabic is used as an emulsifier and stabilizer,

e. g., in baked products. It retards sugar crystallization

and fat separation in confectionery products

and large ice crystal formation in ice creams,

and can be used as a foam stabilizer in bever

ages. Gum arabic is also applied as a flavor fixative

in the production of encapsulated, powdered

The building blocks are L-arabinose, D-galactose,

D-mannose, D-xylose, and D-glucuronic acid.

L-Rhamnose has also been detected. The sugars

are partially acetylated (5.5% acetyl groups based

on dry weight). Three characteristic structural

elements have been detected (cf. Formula 4.141).

This acidic polysaccharide occurs as a Ca/Mg

salt. Gum ghatti is soluble in water to the extent

of ca. 90% and dispersible. Although it produces

solutions that are more viscous than gum arabic,

it is less soluble.

4.4.4.6.3 Utilization

Like gum arabic, gum ghatti can be used for the

stabilization of suspensions and emulsions.

(4.141)

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