2009_Book_FoodChemistry

480 9 Food Contamination
Table 9.5. Selected PPA
No. Name Application a Biochemical activity LD 50 (mg/kg) b
I Amidosulfuron H Inhibits synthesis of branched ≥5000 (R, M)
AA by inhibition
of acetolactate synthase
II Amitraz I, A Nerve poison 650 (R)
III Atrazine H Inhibits electron transport in 1869–3090 (R)
photosystem II
IV Azoxystrobin F Inhibits the respiratory chain >5000 (R, M)
V Captan F Inhibits respiration 9000 (R)
VI Carbenedazine F Inhibits β -tubulin biosynthesis 6400 (R),
>2500 (H)
VII Carbofuran I, N Choline esterase inhibitor 8 (R), 15 (H)
VIII Chloromequat Pgr Inhibits gibberellin biosynthesis 807–966 (R)
IXa Chlorpyriphos I Choline esterase inhibitor 135–163 (R),
1000–2000 (K)
IXb Chlorpyriphos methyl I, A Choline esterase inhibitor >3000 (R),
1100–2250 (M)
X Cyanide I, R Prevents O 2 transport by 6–15 (R)
hemoglobin into the cell
XI Cyprodinil F Probably inhibitor of methionine >2000 (R)
synthesis
XII DDT See text Nerve poison 113–118 (R),
500–570 (H)
XIII Deltamethrin I Nerve poison: inhibits the
function of Na + ion
>2000 (R),
>300 (H)
channels
XIV 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic H Inhibits growth 639–764 (R)
acid (2,4-D)
XV Endosulfan I, A Antagonist for the GABA 70–240 (R)
receptor c
XVI Epoxiconazole F Inhibits sterol biosynthesis >5000 (R)
XVII Ethephon Pgr Decomposes to ethylene 3030 (R)
XVIII Fenhexamide F Inhibits sterol biosynthesis >5000 (R)
XIX Ferbam F >4000 (R)
XX Fludioxonil F Inhibits MAP kinase d >5000 (R)
XXI Flurtamone H Blocks carotene biosynthesis 500 (R)
XXII Folpet F Inhibits respiration >9000 (R)
XXIII Glyphosates H Inhibits biosynthesis of aromatic
compounds
5600 (R),
3530 (goat)
XXIV Imazalil F Inhibits ergosterol biosynthesis 227–343 (R),
>640 (H)
XXV Indoxacarb I Blocks Na channels in nerve
cells
1732 (male R),
268 (female R)
XXVI Iprodion F Inhibits germination of spores >2000 (R, M)
and growth of mycelium
XXVII Iprovalicarb F Inhibits growth of Oomycetes
fungi
>5000 (R)