2009_Book_FoodChemistry

12.2 Structure of Muscle Tissue 565
Table 12.1. Continuation 2
Country Chicken meat Country Duck meat Country Meat, grand total
USA 15,945 China 2673 China 81,733
China 10,701 France 233 USA 41,081
Brazil 8507 Malaysia 105 Brazil 19,783
Mexico 2411 Viet Nam 86 Germany 6868
India 2000 USA 86 India 6103
Russian Fed. 1534 Thailand 85 Mexico 5331
Japan 1337 Korea, Rep. 67 Spain 5293
Indonesia 1333 India 65 France 5206
UK 1331 Myanmar 60 Russian Fed. 5153
Argentina 1156 UK 42 Argentina 4537
Iran 1153
∑(%) b Canada 4493
Thailand 1100
91
Australia 3941
Spain 1048 Italy 3915
Canada 997 Poland 3490
South Africa 971 UK 3389
Poland 960 Viet Nam 3151
Turkey 937
Malaysia 914
∑ (%) b 75
France 819
∑ (%) b 75
a Data refer to slaughtered animals irrespective of the possibility of being imported as live animals.
b World production = 100%
Table 12.2. Annual meat consumption in FR Germany
(kg/person)
Year Beef/Veal Pork Poultry Total
1960 18.7 29.3 4.2 59.0
1964/65 19.2 33.9 6.0 66.5
1970 22.9 36.1 7.4 72.0
1972/73 20.5 42.0 9.0 79.0
1974/75 21.0 44.6 8.8 82.5
1976/77 21.6 45.5 9.1 84.9
1993 19.7 56.1 12.4 95.2
1995 16.6 54.9 13.4 92.0
1997 14.5 53.8 14.7 89.9
2003 12.8 55.1 18.2 90.7
The membrane surrounding each individual
muscle fiber is called the sarcolemma (thickness
ca. 75 nm). It consists of three layers: the
endomysium, a middle amorphous layer and
an inner plasma membrane. Muscle fibers are
polynuclear cells. The nuclei are surrounded by
the sarcoplasm and by other cellular elements
(mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum, lyso-
Table 12.3. Meat consumption in selected countries
(kg/person/year)
Country/
Beef/
region Year Veal Pork Poultry Total
EEC
(European
Economic 1960 19.9 19.2 5.2 52.2
Community) 1970 25.2 23.7 8.9 65.7
EU-15 1995 20.1 41.0 20.0 93.2
1997 19.0 40.8 20.7 92.3
2003 20.0 43.4 23.4 96.6
France 1960 29.2 19.8 8.6 74.9
1970 35.9 24.8 11.3 89.3
1995 28.1 35.9 22.6 107.9
1997 26.7 35.4 23.9 106.5
2003 27.1 36.4 24.5 109.6
Italy 1960 12.9 7.2 3.6 30.0
1970 18.9 9.1 9.2 43.5
1995 25.9 33.1 18.4 88.7
1997 24.2 34.4 18.6 88.2
2003 25.1 39.4 18.0 91.5
UK 1995 17.5 23.1 25.8 133.2
1997 16.6 23.3 26.6 128.1
2003 20.0 22.1 28.5 83.0
USA 2004 30.0 22.3 15.3 100.4