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152 Art. 200 k.k. Alternatively, include reporter in which the code is published (preferably the Official Gazette) by year, abbreviated title, number (Nr), and item (poz.) (in parentheses): Art. 200 k.k. (1997 r. Dz. U. Nr 88, poz. 553). The abbreviations of major codes are: Civil Code: Kodeks cywilny (k.c.) Code of Civil Proc.: Kodeks postpowanie cywilne (k.p.c.) Criminal Code: Kodeks karni (k.k) 3.0 Jurisprudence Cite reported cases by reporter in which the case is published by title (often abbreviated), and case number and year of publication [number/year]: Biuletyn 09/2001. ZP 19/01. Alternatively, include additional information, such as date of decision and name of the court: IPZP 19/01 of September 3, 2001 of the Supreme Court.
I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) ROMANIA Romania is a republic comprised of forty-one counties (judete) and one municipality (municipiu). Romania declared its independence on May 9, 1877. Romania’s official language is Romanian. Its legal system is based on the civil law tradition. The Romanian Constitution, adopted in 1991 and most recently amended in 2003, established its form of government. Executive power is vested in the President, who is the head of state. The President is elected directly by the people to a four-year term, and may not serve more than two consecutive terms. The Prime Minister, who is the head of Government, is appointed by the President. Members of the Council of Ministers are appointed by the Prime Minister. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral Parliament (Parlamentul României), which is comprised of the Senate (Senatul) and the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaţilor). Both the 137 Members of the Senate and the 332 Members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by the people on the basis of proportional representation to four-year terms. The judicial power consists of the High Court of Cassation (Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie, formerly known as the Supreme Court), Courts of Appeal, Tribunals, and Lower Courts or Courts of First Instance. The courts are further divided by their areas of specialty. The High Court of Cassation exercises supreme judicial power and is in charge of unifying jurisprudence. Judges of the High Court of Cassation are appointed by the Prime Minister based on recommendations by the Superior Council of Magistrates. The Constitutional Court is the guarantor of the supremacy of the Constitution. It is comprised of nine judges appointed to a nonrenewable, nine-year term. The Constitutional Court is in charge with a priori and a posteriori constitutional review of legislation, treaties, bylaws adopted by the Parliament, and governmental ordinances. The Constitutional Court also supervises presidential elections, determines the procedures of referenda, and has jurisdiction over disputes between political parties. Internet Resources: Government: http://www.guv.ro Foreign Office: http://www.mae.ro Ministry of Justice: http://www.just.ro Presidency: http://www.presidency.ro II. CITATION GUIDE Parliament: http://www.parlament.ro Constitutional Court: http://www.ccr.ro High Court of Cassation: http://www.scj.ro The Official Gazette: http://www.monitoruloficial.ro There is no uniform code of citation in Romania. There are, however, some accepted practices, but they are not followed by all authors. 153
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW J
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Contents FORWARD AND GENERAL INSTRU
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6.0 NEWSPAPERS AND WEEKLY JOURNALS
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JAPAN..............................
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9.0 CITATION OF ELECTRONIC MATERIAL
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II. CITATION GUIDE.................
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2.0 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL
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Forward and General Instructions Pu
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Acknowledgements Publication of the
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2 http://www.jus.gov.ar/ II. CITATI
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Courts of Ordinary Jurisdiction for
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES ENRIQUE R.
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The Federal Court of Australia was
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Generally, court names are not incl
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journal title (italicized), article
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authority to test the constitutiona
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16 Trial Court for cartels: Kartell
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There are two guides available for
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7.0 Official Publications Cite offi
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Internet Resources: 22 Federal Sena
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3.0 Jurisprudence Cite cases by typ
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26 CANADA I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Commo
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Cite laws by title (italicized), vo
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7.0 Official Publications Cite offi
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mainland China in 1997, but which k
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There is no comprehensive system of
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES WANG CHENG
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Administrative Court. Supreme Court
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Widely used monograph publications
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the other hand, do not bind Danish
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Regulations issued under the author
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46 Poul Nyrup, Europas Fremtid, tal
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handles cases involving the state.
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50 The official gazette of Egypt (a
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Internet Resource: 52 Parliament: h
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I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 54 F
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in the Statute Book, decisions of t
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I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 58 F
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2.1.1 Official Gazette Laws and dec
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62 Gazette du Palais (Gaz. Pal. or
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FRANÇOISE DREYFUS & FRANÇOIS D’
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of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof). In
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Many Federal Statutes can be found
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4.0 Books Cite books by name of the
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I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 72 G
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74 Ministerial Decision: Ypourgiki
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Cite articles in newspapers and wee
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78 Archive of Consultation (Green)
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80 Bendtzen, “The Double Marginal
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India does not have a uniform citat
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Previous reporters which no longer
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Cite articles in journals by name o
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support of the majority of the Hous
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Major law reporters are entitled an
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92 ISRAEL Medinat Israel (State of
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More formal citations, which includ
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Cite unpublished cases as if citing
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hears appeals from the Justice of t
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3.0 Jurisprudence Cite cases by cou
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Page 122 and 123: exceptions, the Japanese government
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Page 126 and 127: 2.0 Legislation Cite legislation by
Page 128 and 129: 110 MEXICO Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Page 130 and 131: 112 phraseology is allowed when the
Page 132 and 133: Cite only official reporters, the n
Page 134 and 135: JAMES E. HERGER, AN INTRODUCTION TO
Page 136 and 137: The Supreme Court is the highest co
Page 138 and 139: III. SELECTED REFERENCES DRISS BASR
Page 140 and 141: The highest court is the Supreme Co
Page 142 and 143: 3.1 Courts Ordinary Jurisdiction Co
Page 144 and 145: 126 NEW ZEALAND I. COUNTRY PROFILE
Page 146 and 147: Cite bills in the same way as acts
Page 148 and 149: Cite journal articles only availabl
Page 150 and 151: 132 NIGERIA Federal Republic of Nig
Page 152 and 153: 2.4 Edicts 134 Decree No.28 of 1970
Page 156 and 157: 3.1 Reporters The most common repor
Page 158 and 159: II. CITATION GUIDE There is no unif
Page 160 and 161: 4.0 Books 142 Khawaja Textile Mills
Page 162 and 163: 144 THE PHILIPPINES Republika ng Pi
Page 164 and 165: 2.3 Codes Cite codes by common titl
Page 166 and 167: 4.0 Books Cite books by volume (if
Page 172 and 173: 1.0 Constitution Cite the Constitut
Page 174 and 175: 8.0 Unpublished Materials Cite thes
Page 176 and 177: Rossiiskoi Federatsii). Ten Federal
Page 178 and 179: There are two main types of preside
Page 180 and 181: 6.0 Newspapers and Weekly Journals
Page 184 and 185: 166 SOUTH AFRICA Republic of South
Page 186 and 187: 3.0 Jurisprudence Cite cases by nam
Page 188 and 189: 170 SOUTH KOREA Taehan-min'guk (Rep
Page 190 and 191: 172 Code of Criminal Procedure (Hyo
Page 192 and 193: III. SELECTED REFERENCES SUPREME CO
Page 194 and 195: The autonomous communities operate
Page 196 and 197: 3.2 Reports When possible, cite to
Page 198 and 199: 180 Constitution Act: Regeringsform
Page 200 and 201: 182 SWITZERLAND Confédération Sui
Page 202 and 203: 2.2 Codes Cite codes by article and
Page 204 and 205: Tribunaux (JdT), La Semaine Judicia
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Page 212 and 213: 194 TANZANIA Jamhuri ya Muungano wa
Page 214 and 215: 3.2 Unreported Cases Cite unreporte
Page 216 and 217: 198 Parliament http://www.parliamen
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Other legislative sources of law us
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204 Lutfi Duran, “Anayasa Mahkeme
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206 UNITED KINGDOM I. COUNTRY PROFI
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2.0 Legislation Cite a statute by s
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(BCLC)). In such circumstances, it
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212 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA I. COU
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2.1 State and Territory Abbreviatio
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4.0 Books Cite books by name of the
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218 UNITED NATIONS & INTERNATIONAL
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They have wide-ranging internationa
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Alternatively, cite U.N. SCOR by vo
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2.3.1 Parent Organs The major paren
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2.3.6 Various Examples 226 A/52/4 [
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3.0 International Court of Justice
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Maritime Delimitation Between Guine
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES ROGER A. C
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European Coal and Steel Community (
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1.0 Basic Treaties Since most of th
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Beyond these more formal rules, aut
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Case 26/76 Metro SB-Grossmärkte Gm
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Case 168/78 Commission v France (Al
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Cases 48, 49, 51-57/69 Imperial Che
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I. ORGANIZATION PROFILE 246 WORLD T
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Final Act Embodying Uruguay Round:
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1.2 Subsequent or Informal Citation
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of GATT/WTO schedules into the Harm
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254 Treatment by Germany of Imports
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES JEANNE REH
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4.2 General Comments Cite general c
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260 III. HYBRID COURTS (Internation
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2.1.1 Unreported Decisions before N
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1.3 Separate Opinions Cite separate
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266 Significant Multilateral Treati
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3.0 Human Rights Convention on the
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11.2 Road Traffic Convention on Roa
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23.0 Antarctica Antarctic Treaty (W
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4.0 Relationship of International a
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12.0 State Responsibility Salem Cas
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21.0 International Trade Law [See t
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