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50 The official gazette of Egypt (al-Jaridah al-Rasmiyah) [Egy OG] of April 14, 1977, no. 15, p. 314. In subsequent citations, an abbreviated form may also be used, by citing to the official gazette’s abbreviation (adding date and volume information if necessary), followed by page referenced: Egy OG, p. 313. 3.0 Jurisprudence Cite cases by case number, decision number, date, deciding court, title of the publication containing the case followed by transliteration of the Arabic title (in parentheses) if available, date, volume, and page referenced: Case no. 1635, decision no. 41, of Feb. 14, 1972, Court of Cassation, Criminal Division (Mahkamat al-Naqd Majmuat al-Ahkam al-Sadirah min al-Hay ad al-Ammah lil-mawad al-Jima iyah) [Egyptian Judicial review] Jan. - Mar. 1972, no. 1, p. 168. In subsequent citations, cite to case number and decision number: 3.1 Reports Case no. 1635/decision no. 41. Reports include an Official Report Published by the Ministry of Justice (al-madjmu at arrasmiya) which contains summaries translated into French of some decisions or judgments. There are also collections of decisions published by the Council of State (madjmua madjlis ad-daula) since 1950 and the Court of Cassation (madjmu at al-kawa id al-kanuniya allati karraratha mahkamat an-nakd) since 1931. The Society of advocates also publishes a great number of decisions and judgments in the revue al-muhamat.
ETHIOPIA Ityop’iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik (Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia) I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is a federal, democratic republic. Ethiopa is made up of nine states and two self-governing, administrative cities (Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa). Adis Ababa is the national capital. While the Constitution officially recognizes nine ethnic nationalities within the federal state, recent studies show that as many as 99 languages are spoken in Ethiopia. The work of the government, however, is carried out in English and Amharic. Major local languages include Amharic, Tigrigna, and Oromifa. Ethiopia’s Constitution, adopted in 1994, vests federal power in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The President of Ethiopia serves as the head of state, and is elected jointly by a two-thirds vote of a majority of the House of People’s Representatives and the House of the Federation, for a six-year term. The Prime Minister of Ethiopia is the chief executive, and is designated by the party in power following legislative elections. He in turn selects, with the approval of the House of People’s Representatives, the Ministers who constitute the Council of Ministers. Ethiopia’s bicameral Parliament consists of the House of the Federation or upper chamber, whose 108 members are chosen by state assemblies and serve five-year terms, and the House of People's Representatives or lower chamber, whose 548 members are directly elected by popular vote from single-member districts and serve five-year terms. The House of the Federation is charged with interpreting the Constitution, protecting the right to selfdetermination of the various ethnic nationalities within Ethiopia, and seeking solutions to conflict among Ethiopia’s member states. The House of People’s Representatives is the country’s federal legislative body. Laws passed by this body are submitted to the President for his signature; if he does not sign a law within fifteen days, it takes effect without his signature. Ethiopia is primarily a civil law country. Its major legal codes, drafted and originally adopted primarily in the 1950s and 1960s and amended several times since, are still in effect despite several regime changes. The Constitution provides for the establishment of a Federal Supreme Court. The President and Vice President of the Federal Supreme Court are appointed by the House of People’s Representatives based upon the recommendations of the Prime Minister. Other federal judges on the Supreme Court are selected by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council, and their names are then submitted for appointment to the House of People’s Representatives by the Prime Minister. At its discretion, the House of People’s Representatives may also establish federal High and first-instance courts. Finally, there is a Council of Constitutional Inquiry, which is composed of the President and Vice- President of the Supreme Court, six legal experts, and three members of the House of the Federation. The Council investigates constitutional disputes and submits recommendations to the House of the Federation. There are also three levels of regional courts within the nine member states: state supreme courts, high courts, and courts of first instance. Religious or customary courts may be given recognition only by the House of People’s Representatives or state councils. 51
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW J
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Contents FORWARD AND GENERAL INSTRU
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6.0 NEWSPAPERS AND WEEKLY JOURNALS
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JAPAN..............................
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9.0 CITATION OF ELECTRONIC MATERIAL
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II. CITATION GUIDE.................
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2.0 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL
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Forward and General Instructions Pu
Page 17: Acknowledgements Publication of the
Page 20 and 21: 2 http://www.jus.gov.ar/ II. CITATI
Page 22 and 23: Courts of Ordinary Jurisdiction for
Page 24 and 25: III. SELECTED REFERENCES ENRIQUE R.
Page 26 and 27: The Federal Court of Australia was
Page 28 and 29: Generally, court names are not incl
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Page 32 and 33: authority to test the constitutiona
Page 34 and 35: 16 Trial Court for cartels: Kartell
Page 36 and 37: There are two guides available for
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Page 40 and 41: Internet Resources: 22 Federal Sena
Page 42 and 43: 3.0 Jurisprudence Cite cases by typ
Page 44 and 45: 26 CANADA I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Commo
Page 46 and 47: Cite laws by title (italicized), vo
Page 48 and 49: 7.0 Official Publications Cite offi
Page 50 and 51: mainland China in 1997, but which k
Page 52 and 53: There is no comprehensive system of
Page 54 and 55: III. SELECTED REFERENCES WANG CHENG
Page 56 and 57: Administrative Court. Supreme Court
Page 58 and 59: Widely used monograph publications
Page 60 and 61: the other hand, do not bind Danish
Page 62 and 63: Regulations issued under the author
Page 64 and 65: 46 Poul Nyrup, Europas Fremtid, tal
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Page 70 and 71: Internet Resource: 52 Parliament: h
Page 72 and 73: I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 54 F
Page 74 and 75: in the Statute Book, decisions of t
Page 76 and 77: I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 58 F
Page 78 and 79: 2.1.1 Official Gazette Laws and dec
Page 80 and 81: 62 Gazette du Palais (Gaz. Pal. or
Page 82 and 83: FRANÇOISE DREYFUS & FRANÇOIS D’
Page 84 and 85: of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof). In
Page 86 and 87: Many Federal Statutes can be found
Page 88 and 89: 4.0 Books Cite books by name of the
Page 90 and 91: I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 72 G
Page 92 and 93: 74 Ministerial Decision: Ypourgiki
Page 94 and 95: Cite articles in newspapers and wee
Page 96 and 97: 78 Archive of Consultation (Green)
Page 98 and 99: 80 Bendtzen, “The Double Marginal
Page 100 and 101: India does not have a uniform citat
Page 102 and 103: Previous reporters which no longer
Page 104 and 105: Cite articles in journals by name o
Page 106 and 107: support of the majority of the Hous
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Page 110 and 111: 92 ISRAEL Medinat Israel (State of
Page 112 and 113: More formal citations, which includ
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3.0 Jurisprudence Cite cases by cou
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I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 102
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exceptions, the Japanese government
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6.0 Newspapers and Weekly Journals
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2.0 Legislation Cite legislation by
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110 MEXICO Estados Unidos Mexicanos
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112 phraseology is allowed when the
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Cite only official reporters, the n
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JAMES E. HERGER, AN INTRODUCTION TO
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The Supreme Court is the highest co
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES DRISS BASR
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The highest court is the Supreme Co
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3.1 Courts Ordinary Jurisdiction Co
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126 NEW ZEALAND I. COUNTRY PROFILE
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Cite bills in the same way as acts
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Cite journal articles only availabl
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132 NIGERIA Federal Republic of Nig
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2.4 Edicts 134 Decree No.28 of 1970
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3.1 Reporters The most common repor
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II. CITATION GUIDE There is no unif
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4.0 Books 142 Khawaja Textile Mills
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144 THE PHILIPPINES Republika ng Pi
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2.3 Codes Cite codes by common titl
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4.0 Books Cite books by volume (if
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152 Art. 200 k.k. Alternatively, in
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1.0 Constitution Cite the Constitut
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8.0 Unpublished Materials Cite thes
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Rossiiskoi Federatsii). Ten Federal
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There are two main types of preside
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6.0 Newspapers and Weekly Journals
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166 SOUTH AFRICA Republic of South
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3.0 Jurisprudence Cite cases by nam
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170 SOUTH KOREA Taehan-min'guk (Rep
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172 Code of Criminal Procedure (Hyo
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES SUPREME CO
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The autonomous communities operate
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3.2 Reports When possible, cite to
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180 Constitution Act: Regeringsform
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182 SWITZERLAND Confédération Sui
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2.2 Codes Cite codes by article and
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Tribunaux (JdT), La Semaine Judicia
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calendar, see Section 0.2 above), e
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194 TANZANIA Jamhuri ya Muungano wa
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3.2 Unreported Cases Cite unreporte
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198 Parliament http://www.parliamen
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Other legislative sources of law us
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204 Lutfi Duran, “Anayasa Mahkeme
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206 UNITED KINGDOM I. COUNTRY PROFI
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2.0 Legislation Cite a statute by s
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(BCLC)). In such circumstances, it
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212 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA I. COU
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2.1 State and Territory Abbreviatio
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4.0 Books Cite books by name of the
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218 UNITED NATIONS & INTERNATIONAL
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They have wide-ranging internationa
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Alternatively, cite U.N. SCOR by vo
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2.3.1 Parent Organs The major paren
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2.3.6 Various Examples 226 A/52/4 [
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3.0 International Court of Justice
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Maritime Delimitation Between Guine
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES ROGER A. C
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European Coal and Steel Community (
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1.0 Basic Treaties Since most of th
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Beyond these more formal rules, aut
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Case 26/76 Metro SB-Grossmärkte Gm
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Case 168/78 Commission v France (Al
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Cases 48, 49, 51-57/69 Imperial Che
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I. ORGANIZATION PROFILE 246 WORLD T
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Final Act Embodying Uruguay Round:
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1.2 Subsequent or Informal Citation
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of GATT/WTO schedules into the Harm
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254 Treatment by Germany of Imports
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES JEANNE REH
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4.2 General Comments Cite general c
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260 III. HYBRID COURTS (Internation
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2.1.1 Unreported Decisions before N
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1.3 Separate Opinions Cite separate
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266 Significant Multilateral Treati
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3.0 Human Rights Convention on the
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11.2 Road Traffic Convention on Roa
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23.0 Antarctica Antarctic Treaty (W
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4.0 Relationship of International a
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12.0 State Responsibility Salem Cas
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21.0 International Trade Law [See t
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