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80 Bendtzen, “The Double Marginalization” (n 2 above), p 47. 6.0 Newspapers and Weekly Journals Cite articles in newspapers and weekly journals by name of the author(s) (if available) [last name, first name, middle initial], title of the article, title of the journal, date of publication [day month (written out) year], followed by “p” and page referenced: “Blocks in Scandal May Come Down”, South China Morning Post, 22 January 2000, p 1. 7.0 Official Publications The Laws of Hong Kong is a multi-volume work which holds a compilation of all Hong Kong legislation. The Hong Kong Government is published weekly in Chinese and English. It is an official, authoritative publication consisting of a main volume and seven supplementary volumes. Both are available online (see “Internet Resources” section above). 8.0 Citation of Electronic Material Cite electronic materials by the words “available at,” Unifrom Resource Locator, followed by “visited” and date visited (in parentheses): Available at http://www.gld.gov.hk/ (visited 23 Feb 2002).
INDIA Republic of India I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Common Law) India is a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. India is comprised of 28 states and 7 union territories. The official languages of India are Hindi and English. In addition, eighteen constitutionally recognized national languages are spoken in the various states and territories. India’s Constitution was adopted on January 26, 1950. Executive power is vested in the Government, which exercises its executive and administrative powers in the name of the President. The President’s duties, however, are primarily ceremonial. In reality, executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers, which is led by the Prime Minister. The President and Vice President are elected by a special electoral college to staggered, five-year terms. The Prime Minister is nominated by legislators of the political party or coalition commanding a parliamentary majority and appointed by the President. Subordinate ministers are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. Legislative power is vested in a bicameral parliament, consisting of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). The Council of Ministers is responsible to the House of the People. 233 members of the Council of States are elected by the state and union territory legislatures; twelve members are appointed by the President. Members of the Council of States serve six-year terms; one-third of the members are elected every two years. 543 members of the House of the People are directly elected by the people; two members are appointed. All members serve five-year terms. Judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court, high courts, and people’s courts (Lok adalats). The Supreme Court is the court of final appeal. It consists of a chief justice and twenty-five associate justices, all of whom are appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. The high courts head each state's judicial administration. Each state is divided into judicial districts presided over by a district and sessions judge, who is the highest judicial authority in a district. Below him or her, there are courts of civil jurisdiction, known in different states as, inter alia, munsifs, sub-judges, or civil judges. The criminal courts consist of a chief judicial magistrate and judicial magistrates of first and second class. Family law questions are dealt with according to the religious affiliation of the parties. Many state legislatures are bicameral, patterned after the national Parliament. The states' Chief Ministers are responsible to the legislatures in the same way the Prime Minister is responsible to Parliament. Each state also has a presidentially appointed Governor, who may assume certain broad powers when directed by the central government. Internet Resource: Government of India http://www.nic.in II. CITATION GUIDE 81
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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW J
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Contents FORWARD AND GENERAL INSTRU
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6.0 NEWSPAPERS AND WEEKLY JOURNALS
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JAPAN..............................
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9.0 CITATION OF ELECTRONIC MATERIAL
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II. CITATION GUIDE.................
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2.0 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL
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Forward and General Instructions Pu
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Acknowledgements Publication of the
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2 http://www.jus.gov.ar/ II. CITATI
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Courts of Ordinary Jurisdiction for
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES ENRIQUE R.
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The Federal Court of Australia was
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Generally, court names are not incl
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journal title (italicized), article
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authority to test the constitutiona
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16 Trial Court for cartels: Kartell
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There are two guides available for
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7.0 Official Publications Cite offi
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Internet Resources: 22 Federal Sena
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3.0 Jurisprudence Cite cases by typ
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26 CANADA I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Commo
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Cite laws by title (italicized), vo
Page 48 and 49: 7.0 Official Publications Cite offi
Page 50 and 51: mainland China in 1997, but which k
Page 52 and 53: There is no comprehensive system of
Page 54 and 55: III. SELECTED REFERENCES WANG CHENG
Page 56 and 57: Administrative Court. Supreme Court
Page 58 and 59: Widely used monograph publications
Page 60 and 61: the other hand, do not bind Danish
Page 62 and 63: Regulations issued under the author
Page 64 and 65: 46 Poul Nyrup, Europas Fremtid, tal
Page 66 and 67: handles cases involving the state.
Page 68 and 69: 50 The official gazette of Egypt (a
Page 70 and 71: Internet Resource: 52 Parliament: h
Page 72 and 73: I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 54 F
Page 74 and 75: in the Statute Book, decisions of t
Page 76 and 77: I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 58 F
Page 78 and 79: 2.1.1 Official Gazette Laws and dec
Page 80 and 81: 62 Gazette du Palais (Gaz. Pal. or
Page 82 and 83: FRANÇOISE DREYFUS & FRANÇOIS D’
Page 84 and 85: of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof). In
Page 86 and 87: Many Federal Statutes can be found
Page 88 and 89: 4.0 Books Cite books by name of the
Page 90 and 91: I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 72 G
Page 92 and 93: 74 Ministerial Decision: Ypourgiki
Page 94 and 95: Cite articles in newspapers and wee
Page 96 and 97: 78 Archive of Consultation (Green)
Page 100 and 101: India does not have a uniform citat
Page 102 and 103: Previous reporters which no longer
Page 104 and 105: Cite articles in journals by name o
Page 106 and 107: support of the majority of the Hous
Page 108 and 109: Major law reporters are entitled an
Page 110 and 111: 92 ISRAEL Medinat Israel (State of
Page 112 and 113: More formal citations, which includ
Page 114 and 115: Cite unpublished cases as if citing
Page 116 and 117: hears appeals from the Justice of t
Page 118 and 119: 3.0 Jurisprudence Cite cases by cou
Page 120 and 121: I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 102
Page 122 and 123: exceptions, the Japanese government
Page 124 and 125: 6.0 Newspapers and Weekly Journals
Page 126 and 127: 2.0 Legislation Cite legislation by
Page 128 and 129: 110 MEXICO Estados Unidos Mexicanos
Page 130 and 131: 112 phraseology is allowed when the
Page 132 and 133: Cite only official reporters, the n
Page 134 and 135: JAMES E. HERGER, AN INTRODUCTION TO
Page 136 and 137: The Supreme Court is the highest co
Page 138 and 139: III. SELECTED REFERENCES DRISS BASR
Page 140 and 141: The highest court is the Supreme Co
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Page 144 and 145: 126 NEW ZEALAND I. COUNTRY PROFILE
Page 146 and 147: Cite bills in the same way as acts
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Cite journal articles only availabl
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132 NIGERIA Federal Republic of Nig
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2.4 Edicts 134 Decree No.28 of 1970
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I. COUNTRY PROFILE (Civil Law) 136
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3.1 Reporters The most common repor
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II. CITATION GUIDE There is no unif
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4.0 Books 142 Khawaja Textile Mills
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144 THE PHILIPPINES Republika ng Pi
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2.3 Codes Cite codes by common titl
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4.0 Books Cite books by volume (if
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152 Art. 200 k.k. Alternatively, in
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1.0 Constitution Cite the Constitut
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8.0 Unpublished Materials Cite thes
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Rossiiskoi Federatsii). Ten Federal
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There are two main types of preside
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6.0 Newspapers and Weekly Journals
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166 SOUTH AFRICA Republic of South
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3.0 Jurisprudence Cite cases by nam
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170 SOUTH KOREA Taehan-min'guk (Rep
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172 Code of Criminal Procedure (Hyo
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES SUPREME CO
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The autonomous communities operate
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3.2 Reports When possible, cite to
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180 Constitution Act: Regeringsform
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182 SWITZERLAND Confédération Sui
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2.2 Codes Cite codes by article and
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Tribunaux (JdT), La Semaine Judicia
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calendar, see Section 0.2 above), e
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194 TANZANIA Jamhuri ya Muungano wa
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3.2 Unreported Cases Cite unreporte
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198 Parliament http://www.parliamen
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Other legislative sources of law us
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204 Lutfi Duran, “Anayasa Mahkeme
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206 UNITED KINGDOM I. COUNTRY PROFI
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2.0 Legislation Cite a statute by s
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(BCLC)). In such circumstances, it
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212 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA I. COU
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2.1 State and Territory Abbreviatio
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4.0 Books Cite books by name of the
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218 UNITED NATIONS & INTERNATIONAL
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They have wide-ranging internationa
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Alternatively, cite U.N. SCOR by vo
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2.3.1 Parent Organs The major paren
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2.3.6 Various Examples 226 A/52/4 [
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3.0 International Court of Justice
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Maritime Delimitation Between Guine
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES ROGER A. C
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European Coal and Steel Community (
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1.0 Basic Treaties Since most of th
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Beyond these more formal rules, aut
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Case 26/76 Metro SB-Grossmärkte Gm
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Case 168/78 Commission v France (Al
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Cases 48, 49, 51-57/69 Imperial Che
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I. ORGANIZATION PROFILE 246 WORLD T
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Final Act Embodying Uruguay Round:
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1.2 Subsequent or Informal Citation
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of GATT/WTO schedules into the Harm
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254 Treatment by Germany of Imports
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III. SELECTED REFERENCES JEANNE REH
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4.2 General Comments Cite general c
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260 III. HYBRID COURTS (Internation
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2.1.1 Unreported Decisions before N
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1.3 Separate Opinions Cite separate
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266 Significant Multilateral Treati
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3.0 Human Rights Convention on the
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11.2 Road Traffic Convention on Roa
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23.0 Antarctica Antarctic Treaty (W
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4.0 Relationship of International a
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12.0 State Responsibility Salem Cas
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21.0 International Trade Law [See t
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