F. K. Kong MA, MSc, PhD, CEng, FICE, FIStructE, R. H. Evans CBE, DSc, D ès Sc, DTech, PhD, CEng, FICE, FIMechE, FIStructE (auth.)-Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete-Springer US (1987)

Notation
The symbols are essentially those used in current British design practice;
they are based on the principles agreed by the BSI, ACI, CEB and others.
A
= cross-sectional area of member
Ac
= area of concrete
Aps =area of prestressing tendons
As =area oftension reinforcement; in eqns (6.9-1) and
(6.11-6), As= area of longitudinal torsion
reinforcement
A~ = area of compression reinforcement
Asc =area of longitudinal reinforcement in column; in Chapter
7, Asc = A~t + As2
Asv = area of both legs of a link
A~ 1 = area of reinforcement near the more highly compressed
face of a column section
As 2 = area of reinforcement in the less compressed face of a
column section
a
=deflection; moment arm
ah =clear distance between bars (Fig. 5.4-1)
ac =corner distance (Fig. 5.4-1)
au = additional eccentricity of slender column ( eqn 7 .4-5)
av
= shear span
b
= width of beam or column; effective flange width; width of
slab considered
bv
=width of beam (see eqns 6.2-1 and 6.4-1), to be taken as b
for a rectangular beam and as bw for a flanged beam
bw
= width of rib or web of beam
d
=effective depth; in Chapter 7, d = h- d' = h- d 2 for
symmetrically reinforced columns
d'
= depth from compression face to centroid of compression
steel; in Chapter 7, d' = concrete cover to centroid of
A~t
de
= depth of concrete stress block
d2 = concrete cover to centroid of As 2
E
= modulus of elasticity
Ec
=modulus of elasticity of concrete