F. K. Kong MA, MSc, PhD, CEng, FICE, FIStructE, R. H. Evans CBE, DSc, D ès Sc, DTech, PhD, CEng, FICE, FIMechE, FIStructE (auth.)-Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete-Springer US (1987)

References 65
(where 1.64a is the current margin given by eqn 2.8-1)
= (fk + l.64a) - l.~4a
= target mean strength - l.~a
= target mean strength - l.::a
As explained in the derivation of eqn (2.8-3), the probability of the
mean of four tests falling below the target mean strength by 1.64a/ ~4 is
the same as the probability of a single test falling below it by 1.64a-that
is, the probability is 5%. In other words, a concrete which actually has the
specified characteristic strength will still risk a 5% probability of failing to
comply with the rule.
Readers interested in the application of statistical concepts to mix design
and quality control are urged to study the papers by Gregory and others
[41-44].
2.9 Computer programs
(in collaboration with Dr H. H. A. Wong, University of Newcastle upon
Tyne)
The FORTRAN programs for this chapter are listed in Section 12.2. See
also Section 12.1 for 'Notes on the computer programs'.
References
1 Lea, F. M. The Chemistry of Cement and Concrete. Edward Arnold, London,
1970.
2 Neville, A. M. Properties of concrete-an overview. Concrete International, 8,
Feb. 1986, pp. 20-3; March 1986, pp. 60-3; April 1986, pp. 53-7.
3 BS 8110: 1985. Structural Use of Concrete- Part I: Code of Practice for
Design and Construction. Part 2 : Code of Practice for Special Circumstances.
British Standards Institution, London, 1985.
4 ACI ad hoc Board Committee. Concrete-Year 2000. Proc. ACI, 68, No. 8,
Aug. 1971, pp. 581-9.
5 Neville, A. M. and Brooks, J. J. Concrete Technology. Longman, London,
1987.
6 DSIR. Road Research Laboratory. Road Note No. 4: Design of Concrete
Mixes. HMSO, London, 1950.
7 Erntroy, H. C. The Variation of Works Test Cubes. Cement and Concrete
Association, Slough, 1960.
8 ACI Committee 209. Prediction of Creep, Shrinkage and Temperature Effects
in Concrete Structures. American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1982.
9 Evans, R. H. and Kong, F. K. Estimation of creep of concrete in reinforced
and prestressed concrete design. Civil Engineering and Public Works Review,
61, No. 718, May 1966, pp. 593-6.
10 Evans, R. H. and Kong, F. K. Creep of prestressed concrete. In Developments