The 1995/1996 Household Income, Expenditure - (PDF, 101 mb ...

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111.21 gap between the rich and the poor has narrowed. Conventional economics assumes the universality of poverty, considering it multi-faceted but typical, and static. "Inequality," too, is difficult to summarize using unidimensional statistics. Researchers are handicapped by, at best, shortcomings in the data; at worst by a biased urban, money-or-Iabor-choice outlook. Poverty is heterodox and fluid, and poor people face more indignities than the lack of a varied diet or lower incomes. The unequal distribution of economic opportunity is similarly complex, correlated with many factors which reinforce poverty. The FGT measures and the Gini coefficient are both incapable of capturing this multiplicity of characteristics. Exactitude in poverty and rank measurement would be enhanced by better specification of complex variables and indexes which place more focus on the coping strategies of the homeless and transient population, and the wealth and earnings characteristics of the very rich.
Appendix lILA Statistical Formulas Appendix IILA.1 An Equivalence Scale for Egypt III. 22 Equivalence scales JO figure prominently in considerations of economic well-being. Household economies of scale and composition must be accounted for, otherwise the restrictive and unlikely assumption must be made that household members share resources equally. A typical expectation is that the number, sex and age of household members account for differences in consumption patterns. Poverty measures are sensitive to the choice of equivalence scale (Phipps (1993)). An equivalence scale based on estimation was used to deflate both incomes and total expenditures by household size and composition as these characteristics existed in both HIECS samples. Linear regressions of food and beverages expenditures on total expenditures were chosen for the models from among a number of possible specifications, based on the F-statistic, the highest R-square statistic, and meaningful parameter coefficients. The coefficients from this regression were used to weight the data. Regression outputs are available from the author. The scales are Engel specifications of the form (1) F = a + I3E + Y1 .4Ml..,4 + y. 8Fl..,4 + J1 where F is the househ6l'd's expenditure on food and beverages, and E is total expenditures (a proxy to total income). Ml.,4, and Fl..,4 represent the number of males and females in each of four age groups, and J1 is a stochastic error term. Appendix IILA.2 The Foster Greer Thorbecke Class of Poverty Indices To define the FGT indices, order an income or expenditure series Y = (YJ,Yt...,y n ) from highest to lowest, and define a poverty line z > 0, where n IS the total number of households in the population. Note that more than one z can be defined over the domain of n without the loss of generality. Then let gj = z - Yj be the amount by which the .Ilh household's income or expenditure falls below the poverty line, and consider only the set of households q where q = q (Y, z : g. > 0), Le., households which fall below the poverty line. The generic fbrm of the FGT index is a weighted, normalized sum of income or expenditure shortfalls of the poor population (2 ) 1 q Pa. = n E 1=1 where a is a "poverty aversion" parameter. Functions of this index vary with the value of a, the most common being 0, 1 or 2. 30 A classic discussion of equivalence scales appears in Chapter 8 of Deaton and Muellbauer (1989), op. cit.
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The 1995/1996 Household Income, Exp
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Project'Background Executive Summar
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Chapter I_ Ov'"er"V"ie"" aI1d Proce
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1.11 decreases average household si
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1.13 HIECS as well as international
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1.15 respondent acceptance. These a
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mothelUs were expected to be more s
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1.22 material. There should be a cl
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elied upon, resistance to analytica
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in the speed of processing of any s
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I.E Global Edits 1.28 In late Novem
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Name, Size, and Level of HIECS Raw
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mandatory by law; 16) Reporting err
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Appendix LA Comparing Estimates fro
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The dependent variable is the tth o
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where and R = f g' are estimates of
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Table 1.1 1995/1996 HIECS Sample Si
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Table 1.3 Update Rate ({Sampled-Ori
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Table 1.5 Average Annualized Data E
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Table I.7 Annualized Error Characte
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Table 1.9 One-Way Analysis ofVarian
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MI: University of Michigan, 1980. L
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Sequential List of Tables and Figur
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Digit Preference Indices Digit 5 10
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proper income variable. There is st
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II.10 6.33% of HIECS households sai
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11.12 Percentage Changes in Median
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11.15 involves the difficulty in de
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Page 84 and 85: Table II.5 Earners Classified by Re
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Page 88 and 89: Table n.s 199011991 HIECS Equivalen
Page 91: INDIVIDUAL WAGES AND SALARIES INDIV
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Page 101 and 102: 1982. Tellis, Gerard, "The Price El
Page 103 and 104: Sequential List of Tables III.2 Tab
Page 106: IIL5 wages have hardly kept pace wi
Page 112 and 113: IH.E Household Poverty in Egypt II!
Page 115 and 116: 111.14 number of poor households wo
Page 121: III. 20 Cairo, both the richest and
Page 126 and 127: Table II!. 1 Poverty Rate Rankings
Page 128 and 129: Table III.3a Poverty Rate Rankings
Page 130 and 131: Table III.3c Poverty Rate Rankings
Page 132 and 133: 'able III.5 Poverty Rate Rankings b
Page 134 and 135: "able It!. 7a Poverty Rate Rankings
Page 136 and 137: Bibliography - Chapter III. Poverty
Page 138 and 139: 179, 1993. Rodgers, John L., and Jo
Page 140 and 141: Sequential List of Tables and Figur
Page 143 and 144: IV.S The unemployed are further cla
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Page 156: IV.18 Finally, standard human capit
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Page 166: Table IV.4 Wage Regression Results
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V.4 To underscore the critical impo
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V.C.2 Implementation of Current Wei
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V.10 telephone calls, in mind. Note
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V.E Dissemination and Publication V
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Appendix V.A An Alternate Estimator
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(19) E (20 ) t I col, a, t = = Eo 1
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Table V.l Comparison of Major Group
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Figure Y.3 Example ofEgypt's Price
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272-278, 1980. Pollak, R.A., "The S
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VI.4 often two or more floors, with
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VI.? notoriously difficult to regul
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VI.II consumption of housing. Assum
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Rent Elasticities VI.18 1990/1991 O
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VI.2! Considering utilities as elec
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Classification of Housing Type and
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VI.2S statistically significant) wi
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VI.27 values) is positive: 587.51 f
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Figure VI. 1 A Synopsis of Egyptian
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Table VI.4 PersonslRoom, by Area, T
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Table VI.5 Average Housing Expendit
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Table VI.6 Ratio ofImputed Value of
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Table VI.7 Comparison ofConsumer Su
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Frankena, Mark, "Alternative Models
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Development in Egypt: Investing in
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VIL7 of age of the household head c
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Two-Way Classification of Attained
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VILli The table above shows that, f
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Table VI!. 1 Estimates ofProportion
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Table VI!.3 Enrollment Ratios (Freq
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Bibliography - Chapter VII. Educati
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VIII. 4 surgical or procedural, ane
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VIII. 6 level, additional education
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Table VIlLI Mean Medical Expenditur
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Table VIII.3 Household Average Annu
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Bibliography - Chapter VII. Medical
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IX.A Introduction · IX.2 An offici
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IX.S and later found that the infor
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IX.I0 higher quality, less costly i
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The 1995/1996 Household Income, Exp
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Guidelines A Survey on Income, Expe
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Objectives ofthe survey: 1. Identif
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traditions, and holding back inform
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Survev FORMS A. Auxiliary form (For
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Field Work: visit will be before th
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. Vegetables group -- onion, cucumb
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* If the household consumed a commo
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four sub-totals (8-1), (8-2), (8-3)
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The editor is the link between the
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7. Confirming that all families in
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5. Domicile It is the place where t
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8. Working condition The relationsh
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General Instructions Instructions f
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abroad. This table is completed in
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These are simple examples that defi
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This second group contains the foll
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poultry husbandry owned by the hous
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• Underwear winter and summer rea
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Table (6): Household expenses of fu
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This table does not include free se
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ecorded in the overall value column
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'" Expenses during the three months
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of this income on the individuals o
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Data Entry Manual
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First: Editing Coverage The 1995/19
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1 through 20: 4. If the reply to qu
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Instructions for Office Coding ,. ,
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January takes code "01" etc. d. Rur
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011100 121101 122103 131102 131103
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261176 261183 261199 262101 262102
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331911 331916 331917 331919 331999
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442301 442302 442303 491101 491103
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Occupation Codes 9 621502 Milker 62
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742112 742209 742214 742301 742302
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826107 826199 826203 826204 826206
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Economic Activity Codes
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Economic Activity Codes 2 fibers ex
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CONSUMPTION 8888 HEADCOVER-FEM 1620
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FRESH-VEG-TOTAL 359 BLANKETS-COTION
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MEATS-TOTAL 515 SCHOOL-TRANS 2912 C
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CPI item codes 7 GRILLED-FISH 1109
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The HIECS Data Dictionary
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Page 3 Data Dictionary: HIECS Creat
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Page 12 Data Dictionary: HIECS Crea
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Page 21 Data Dictionary: HIEes Crea
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Page 59 Data Dictionary: HIECS crea
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REFRMT.SAS 1 options pagesize=60; l
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REFRMT.SAS 3 if source4=4 then sour
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*/i REFRMT.SAS 5 if bwtv=2 then bwt
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REFRMT.SAS 7 data in. If; "infile a
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REFRMT.SAS 9 output out=codecomm; t
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REFRMT.SAS 11 annval=annval/100 i p
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REFRMT.SAS 13 proc means; var earne
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WTCALC.SAS 1 0ptions pagesize=60; l
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else if gov=13 and urbrur=O then do
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*CAPMAS and Cairo Demographic Cente
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SAS Occupation and Economic Activit
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HKFIX.SAS 2 if occu=413109 then occ
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Summary Statistics of All Questionn
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE DEMOGRAPHIC
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE INVENTORY RE
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE FOOD AND BEV
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE CLOTHING REC
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE HOUSING AND
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE HOUSEHOLD FU
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE HOUSEHOLD FU
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE MEDICAL RECO
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE PRIVATE TRAN
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE COMMUNICATIO
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE CSE (OTHER)
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE HOTEL, COFFE
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE PERSONAL CAR
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE WAGE AND SAL
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AVERAGE PERCENT CONTRIBUTION OF SEP
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE LANDS RECORD
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SUMMARY STATS FROM THE OTHER SOURCE
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SAS Files for Construction of CENVA
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if gov=23 and if gov=25 and if gov=
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proc delete data=work.sort5; run; p
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@7 finlwt @15 males @17 females @19
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options pagesize=60 i libname in 'c
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if occu=832104 then occu=732104; if
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MAKEVARI • SAS 6 or gov=27 or gOV
show all

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